Umdlavuza esithweni sangasese: izimpawu eziyisi-8 eziyinhloko, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Izimpawu ezingenzeka
• Yini ebanga umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• Ubani osengozini enkulu
• Yelashwa kanjani
• 1. I-Radiotherapy
• 2. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
• 3. Ukuhlinzwa
• 4. Ukwelashwa kwezihloko

Umdlavuza esithweni sangasese uvame kakhulu futhi, ezimweni eziningi, ubonakala ukwanda komdlavuza kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengesibeletho noma isitho sangasese, isibonelo.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza esithweni sangasese njengokuphuma kwegazi ngemuva kokuthintana okuseduze nokuphuma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane okunukayo kuvame ukuvela phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-70 ubudala kwabesifazane abatheleleke ngegciwane le-HPV, kodwa futhi kungavela nakwabesifazane abasebasha, ikakhulukazi uma besengozini ube nobudlelwano nabalingani abaningi ungasebenzisi ikhondomu.

Isikhathi esiningi izicubu ezinomdlavuza zitholakala engxenyeni engaphakathi impela yesitho sangasese sowesifazane, kungabikho zinguquko ezibonakalayo esifundeni esingaphandle futhi, ngakho-ke, ukuxilongwa kungenziwa kuphela ngokuya ngezivivinyo zokucabanga ezenzelwe i-gynecologist noma i-oncologist.

Izimpawu ezingenzeka

Uma usaqala, umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane awubangeli zimpawu, kodwa-ke, njengoba ukhula, izimpawu ezifana nalezi ezingezansi zizovela. Hlola izimpawu okungenzeka uhlangabezana nazo:

1. 1. Ukukhishwa okunukayo noma ketshezi kakhulu
2. 2. Ukubomvu nokuvuvukala esithweni sangasese
3. 3. Ukopha esithweni sangasese ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuya esikhathini
4. 4. Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokusondelana
5. 5. Ukopha ngemuva kokuthintana
6. 6. Isifiso esivela njalo sokuchama
7. 7. Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo besisu noma be-pelvic
8. 8. Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa lapho uchama

Izimpawu zomdlavuza esithweni sangasese zikhona nakwezinye izifo eziningi ezithinta isifunda futhi, ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuya ekubonisaneni kwezifo ezijwayelekile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile wenze ukuhlolwa kokuvimbela, okubizwa nangokuthi i-pap smear, ukukhomba ushintsho kusenesikhathi, ukuqinisekisa amathuba angcono okwelashwa.

Bona okuningi ngePap smear nokuthi ungayiqonda kanjani imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Ukuze kutholakale ukutholakala kwalesi sifo, udokotela wezifo zabesifazane usula izicubu ezingaphakathi kwesitho sangasese sangasese ukuze zisetshenziselwe ukuhlolwa komzimba. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukubheka isilonda esisolisayo noma indawo ngeso lenyama ngesikhathi sokubonisana okujwayelekile kwabesifazane.

Yini ebanga umdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane

Akunasizathu esithile sokuqala komdlavuza esithweni sangasese, noma kunjalo, lawa macala ngokuvamile ahlobene nokutheleleka ngegciwane le-HPV. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zegciwane ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza amaprotheni aguqula indlela isakhi sofuzo esisebenza ngayo isimila. Ngakho-ke, amangqamuzana omdlavuza kulula ukuvela futhi ande, abangele umdlavuza.

Ubani osengozini enkulu

Ingozi yokuthuthukisa uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza esifundeni sangasese iphezulu kwabesifazane abane-HPV ukutheleleka, kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinto ezingaba umsuka womdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, okubandakanya:

• Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60;
• Thola ukuxilongwa kwe-neoplasia ye-intraepithelial vaginal;
• Ukuba ngumuntu obhemayo;
• Ukutheleleka nge-HIV

Njengoba lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abatheleleka nge-HPV, izindlela zokuzivikela njengokugwema ukuba nabalingani abaningi kwezocansi, ukusebenzisa amakhondomu nokujova igciwane, okungenziwa mahhala kwa-SUS emantombazaneni aphakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengu-14 ubudala. . Thola kabanzi ngalomuthi wokugoma nokuthi uwuthola nini umuthi wokugoma.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abazalwa ngemuva kokuphathwa kukanina nge-DES, noma i-diethylstilbestrol, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa bangaba sengozini enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza esithweni sangasese.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza esithweni sangasese kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, i-radiotherapy noma i-topical therapy, kuya ngohlobo nobukhulu bomdlavuza, isigaba sesifo kanye nesimo sempilo sonke sesiguli:

1. I-Radiotherapy

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kusebenzisa imisebe ukubhubhisa, noma kunciphise ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kungenziwa ngokubambisana nemithamo ephansi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.

I-Radiotherapy ingasetshenziswa ngemisebe yangaphandle, ngomshini okhipha imishayo yemisebe esithweni sangasese, futhi kufanele yenziwe izikhathi ezi-5 ngesonto, amasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Kepha i-radiotherapy nayo ingenziwa nge-brachytherapy, lapho okokusebenza okukhipha imisebe kufakwa eduze nomdlavuza futhi kungalawulwa ekhaya, kathathu kuye kathathu ngesonto, ukuhlukana ngeviki elilodwa noma amabili.

Eminye imiphumela emibi yalokhu kwelashwa ifaka:

• Ukukhathala;
• Uhudo;
• Isicanucanu;
• Ukuhlanza;
• Ukuncipha kwamathambo okhalo;
• Ukoma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane;
• Ukuncipha kwesitho sowesifazane sangasese.

Ngokuvamile, imiphumela emibi iyanyamalala emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokuqeda ukwelashwa. Uma i-radiotherapy ilawulwa ngokuhlanganyela ne-chemotherapy, ukusabela okubi ekwelashweni kukhulu kakhulu.

2. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa izidakamizwa ngomlomo noma ngqo emthanjeni, okungaba yi-cisplatin, fluorouracil noma i-docetaxel, esiza ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakala esithweni sangasese noma asakazeke emzimbeni wonke. Kungenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa usayizi wesimila futhi kungukwelashwa okuyinhloko okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza wesitho sowesifazane othuthuke kakhulu.

I-Chemotherapy ayihlaseli kuphela amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kepha namaseli ajwayelekile emzimbeni, ngakho-ke imiphumela emibi efana ne:

• Ukulahleka kwezinwele;
• Izilonda zomlomo;
• Ukuntula ukudla;
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
• Uhudo;
• Izifo;
• Izinguquko kumjikelezo wokuya esikhathini;
• Ukungabi nenzalo.

Ubukhulu bemiphumela emibi buxhomeke emithini esetshenzisiwe nakwisilinganiso, futhi imvamisa ixazululeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokwelashwa.

3. Ukuhlinzwa

Ukuhlinzwa kuhlose ukususa isimila esitholakala esithweni sangasese ukuze singakhuli ngosayizi futhi singasakazeki emzimbeni wonke. Kunezinqubo eziningi zokuhlinza ezingenziwa njenge:

• Ukudonswa kwendawo: kuqukethe ukususwa kwesimila kanye nengxenye yezicubu ezinempilo zesitho sangasese sowesifazane;
• I-Vaginectomy: iqukethe ukususwa ngokuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane futhi kukhonjiswa izicubu ezinkulu.

Kwesinye isikhathi kungabuye kudingeke ukuthi kususwe isibeletho ukuvimbela umdlavuza ukuthi ungakhuli kulesi sitho. Ama-lymph node esifundeni se-pelvic kufanele futhi asuswe ukuvimbela amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekusakazekeni.

Isikhathi sokululama kusuka ekuhlinzeni siyahlukahluka kuye kowesifazane, kepha kubalulekile ukuphumula futhi ugweme ukuxhumana okujulile ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa. Ezimweni lapho kukhishwa khona ngokuphelele isitho sangasese sowesifazane, singakhiwa kabusha ngezingcaphuno zesikhumba kusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba, okuzovumela owesifazane ukuthi enze ucansi.

4. Ukwelashwa kwezihloko

Ukwelashwa ngezihloko kuqukethe ukufaka okhilimu noma ama-gel ngqo kwisimila esisendaweni sangasese, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula komdlavuza nokuqeda amaseli omdlavuza.

Esinye sezidakamizwa ezisetshenziswa ekwelashweni ngezihloko yi-Fluorouracil, engasetshenziswa ngqo esithweni sangasese, kanye ngesonto cishe amasonto ayishumi, noma ebusuku, isonto elilodwa noma amabili. I-Imiquimod ngomunye umuthi ongasetshenziswa, kepha womabili adinga ukukhonjiswa ngudokotela wezifo zabesifazane noma i-oncologist, ngoba awekho e-counter.

Imiphumela emibi yalokhu kwelashwa ingafaka ukucasuka okukhulu esithweni sangasese nakwisitho sangasese sangasese, ukoma nokubomvu. Yize ukwelashwa ngezihloko kusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ayinayo imiphumela emihle uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhlinzwa, ngakho-ke ayisetshenziswa kangako.