Okufanele Ukwazi Ngezigaba Zesifo Sezinso

-Delile

• Siyini isifo sesinso sesigaba 4?
• Ziyini izimpawu zesigaba sesine sesifo sezinso?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezivela esigabeni sesine sesifo sezinso?
• Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa zesigaba sesine sezinso?
• Ukuqapha nokuphatha
• Kunciphisa ukuqhubeka
• Ukunquma izinyathelo ezilandelayo
• Isigaba 4 Ukudla kwesifo sezinso
• Isigaba 4 sesifo sezinso siyashintsha
• Yini isibikezelo sesifo sezinso sesigaba 4?
• Ukuthatha ukhiye

Kunezigaba ezi-5 zesifo esingapheliyo sezinso. Esigabeni 4, unomonakalo omkhulu, ongalungiseki ezinso. Kodwa-ke, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha manje ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukuqhubekela phambili ekuhlulekeni kwezinso.

Qhubeka ufunde njengoba sihlola:

• isigaba sesine sesifo sezinso
• iphathwa kanjani
• ongakwenza ukuphatha impilo yakho

Siyini isifo sesinso sesigaba 4?

Isigaba 1 nesigaba 2 kubhekwa njengesifo esingapheliyo sezinso sezinso. Izinso azisebenzi ngamaphesenti ayi-100, kodwa zisasebenza kahle ngokwanele ukuthi ungahle ungabi nazimpawu.

Ngesigaba 3, ulahlekelwe cishe isigamu sokusebenza kwezinso, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kakhulu.

Uma unesigaba sesine sesifo sezinso, kusho ukuthi izinso zakho zithole umonakalo omkhulu. Unesilinganiso sokuhlunga se-glomerular, noma i-GFR, ka-15-29 ml / min. Lelo yilo inani legazi izinso zakho ezingalihlunga ngomzuzu.

I-GFR inqunywa ngokulinganisa inani le-creatinine, umkhiqizo odoti, egazini lakho. Ifomula ibuye ithathe iminyaka yobudala, ubulili, ubuhlanga, nosayizi womzimba. Izinso zisebenza ngamaphesenti ayi-15-29 ejwayelekile.

I-GFR kungenzeka inganembi ezimweni ezithile, njengokuthi:

• abakhulelwe
• zikhuluphele kakhulu
• zinemisipha kakhulu
• unenkinga yokudla

Ezinye izivivinyo ezisiza ukunquma isiteji yilezi:

• ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka eminye imikhiqizo kadoti
• ushukela egazini
• ukuhlolwa komchamo ukubheka ukuba khona kwegazi noma amaprotheni
• ukushaya kwegazi
• ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging ukuhlola ukwakheka kwezinso

Isigaba 4 yisigaba sokugcina ngaphambi kokuhluleka kwezinso, noma isigaba sesifo sesifo sezinso.

Ziyini izimpawu zesigaba sesine sesifo sezinso?

Esigabeni 4, izimpawu zingafaka:

• ukugcinwa koketshezi
• ukukhathala
• ubuhlungu beqolo
• izinkinga zokulala
• ukwanda kokuchama nomchamo obonakala ubomvu noma umnyama

Yiziphi izinkinga ezivela esigabeni sesine sesifo sezinso?

Izinkinga ezivela ekugcineni uketshezi zingafaka:

• ukuvuvukala kwezingalo nemilenze (i-edema)
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu (umfutho wegazi ophakeme)
• uketshezi emaphashini (i-edema yamaphaphu)

Uma amazinga akho e-potassium ephakeme kakhulu (i-hyperkalemia), angathinta amandla enhliziyo yakho okusebenza.

Ezinye izinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka:

• izinkinga zenhliziyo negazi (zenhliziyo)
• ukuvuvukala kolwelwesi oluzungeze inhliziyo yakho (pericardium)
• cholesterol ephezulu
• isibalo segazi elibomvu eliphansi (i-anemia)
• ukungondleki
• amathambo abuthakathaka
• ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile, inzalo encishisiwe, idrayivu ephansi yocansi
• ubunzima bokugxila, ukuquleka, kanye nezinguquko zobuntu ngenxa yomonakalo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi
• ukuba sengozini yokutheleleka ngenxa yempendulo ebuthakathaka yomzimba

Uma ukhulelwe, isifo sezinso singakhuphula ubungozi kuwe nasenganeni yakho.

Yiziphi izinketho zokwelashwa zesigaba sesine sezinso?

Ukuqapha nokuphatha

Esigabeni 4 sesifo sezinso, uzobona uchwepheshe wezinso zakho (i-nephrologist) kaningi, imvamisa kanye ezinyangeni ezintathu ukuqapha isimo sakho. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso, igazi lakho lizohlolwa amazinga we:

• i-bicarbonate
• i-calcium
• i-creatinine
• i-hemoglobin
• i-phosphorus
• i-potassium

Okunye ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kuzobandakanya:

• amaprotheni emchameni
• ukushaya kwegazi
• isimo samanzi

Udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza okwakho:

• ingozi yenhliziyo
• isimo sokugoma
• imishanguzo yamanje

Kunciphisa ukuqhubeka

Alikho ikhambi, kepha kunezinyathelo ezinganciphisa ukuqhubeka. Lokhu kusho ukuqapha nokuphatha imibandela efana nale:

• i-anemia
• isifo samathambo
• isifo sikashukela
• i-edema
• cholesterol ephezulu
• umfutho wegazi ophezulu

Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithi yakho njengoba iqondisiwe ukusiza ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwezinso nesifo senhliziyo.

Ukunquma izinyathelo ezilandelayo

Ngoba isigaba 4 yisigaba sokugcina ngaphambi kokuhluleka kwezinso, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokhuluma nawe ngalokho okungenzeka. Lesi yisikhathi sokuthatha isinqumo ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo uma lokho kungenzeka.

Ukwehluleka kwezinso kulashwa nge:

• dialysis
• ukufakelwa izinso
• ukunakekelwa okusekelayo (okunciphisayo)

INational Kidney Foundation incoma ukuqala i-dialysis lapho ukusebenza kwezinso kungamaphesenti ayi-15 noma ngaphansi. Uma umsebenzi ungaphansi kwamaphesenti ayi-15, usesigabeni sesi-5 sesifo sezinso.

Isigaba 4 Ukudla kwesifo sezinso

Ukudla kwesifo sezinso kuncike kwezinye izimo, njengesifo sikashukela. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokudla noma ucele ukuthunyelwa kudokotela wezokudla.

Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwesifo sezinso kufanele:

• beka phambili ukudla okusha kunemikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe
• banezingxenye ezincane zenyama, izinkukhu nezinhlanzi
• kufaka phakathi ukuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela
• ukunciphisa i-cholesterol, amafutha agcwele, noshukela ocwengekile
• gwema usawoti

Amazinga e-Phosphorus angaba phezulu kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhamba ngegazi lakho lakamuva. Ukudla okuphezulu kwi-phosphorus kufaka:

• imikhiqizo yobisi
• amantongomane
• Ibhitela lamantongomane
• ubhontshisi omisiwe, uphizi, nodali
• ukhokho, ubhiya, nokhokho omnyama
• bran

Uma amazinga e-potassium ephezulu kakhulu, yehlisa:

• ubhanana, amakhabe, amawolintshi nezithelo ezomisiwe
• amazambane, utamatisi, nokwatapheya
• imifino enamaqabunga amnyama
• irayisi elinsundu nelasendle
• ukudla kobisi
• ubhontshisi, uphizi namantongomane
• i-bran cereal, isinkwa sikakolweni esiphelele ne-pasta
• okufakwa esikhundleni sikasawoti
• inyama, izinkukhu, ingulube nenhlanzi

Qiniseka ukuthi uxoxa ngokudla kwakho njalo lapho uqokwa nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Kungadingeka ukuthi wenze ukulungisa ngemuva kokubuyekeza ukuhlolwa kwakho kwakamuva.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuthi yikuphi, uma kukhona, izithako zokudla okufanele uzithathe nokuthi kufanele ushintshe ukungena kuketshezi noma cha.

Isigaba 4 sesifo sezinso siyashintsha

Kukhona olunye ushintsho lwendlela yokuphila ukusiza ukuvimbela ukulimala okuqhubekayo ezinso zakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukungabhemi, uma ubhema. Ukubhema kulimaza imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi. Kwandisa ubungozi bokujiya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokushaya uhlangothi. Uma unenkinga yokuyeka, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nezinhlelo zokuyeka ukubhema.
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba. Hlela ukuzivocavoca imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto.
• Thatha yonke imithi oyinikiwe njengoba uqondisiwe. Ngaphezu kokuthatha yonke imishanguzo enqunyiwe, cela umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokungeza imishanguzo noma ama-supplements e-over-the-counter (OTC).
• Bheka umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo njalo. Qiniseka ukuthi ubika futhi uxoxe nganoma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha neziya ziba zimbi nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Yini isibikezelo sesifo sezinso sesigaba 4?

Alikho ikhambi lesigaba sesine sesifo sezinso esingalapheki. Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuvimbela ukwehluleka kwezinso nokugcina impilo enhle.

Ngo-2012, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi abesilisa nabesifazane abanesifo sezinso esiphansi, ikakhulukazi abangaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-30, banciphise kakhulu isikhathi sokuphila.

Baphawula ukuthi abesifazane bavame ukuba nesikhathi eside sokuphila kuzo zonke izigaba zesifo sezinso ngaphandle kwesigaba 4, lapho kunomehluko omncane kuphela ngobulili. Ukubikezela kuvame ukuba mpofu ngeminyaka.

• Eminyakeni engama-40 ubudala, iminyaka yokuphila ilinganiselwa eminyakeni eyi-10.4 yabesilisa neminyaka eyi-9.1 kwabesifazane.
• Eminyakeni engama-60 ubudala, iminyaka yokuphila ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engu-5.6 kwabesilisa neminyaka engu-6.2 kwabesifazane.
• Eminyakeni engama-80 ubudala, iminyaka yokuphila ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engu-2,5 kwabesilisa neminyaka engu-3.1 kwabesifazane.

Isibikezelo sakho ngasinye sincike ezimweni ezikhona ngokubambisana nokuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okutholayo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angakunika umbono ongcono wokuthi yini ongayilindela.

Ukuthatha ukhiye

Isigaba 4 sesifo sezinso yisimo esibi kakhulu. Ukuqapha ngokucophelela nokwelashwa kungasiza ekuqhubekeni kancane futhi kungavimbela ukwehluleka kwezinso.

Ngasikhathi sinye, kubalulekile ukwenza amalungiselelo we-dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso uma kwenzeka ukuhluleka kwezinso.

Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ukuphatha izimo zezempilo ezikhona kanye nokunakekelwa okusekelayo. Kubalulekile ukubona uchwepheshe wakho wezinso njalo ukuqapha isimo sakho nokuqhubeka kancane kwesifo.