I-Tramadol, Ithebhulethi Yomlomo

-Delile

• Izexwayiso ezibucayi ze-FDA
• Okuvelele kwe-tramadol
• Yini i-tramadol?
• Kungani kusetshenziswa
• Isebenza kanjani
• Imiphumela emibi ye-Tramadol
• Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile
• Imiphumela emibi kakhulu
• I-Tramadol ingaxhumana neminye imithi
• Izidakamizwa okungafanele uzisebenzise ne-tramadol
• Ukusebenzisana okwandisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi evela kwezinye izidakamizwa
• Ukusebenzisana okwandisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi kusuka ku-tramadol
• Ungayithatha kanjani i-tramadol
• Amafomu namandla
• Isikali sobuhlungu obulinganiselayo nobunzima
• Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile
• Izexwayiso ze-Tramadol
• Izexwayiso ze-FDA
  
• Ezinye izexwayiso
• Isixwayiso sokuquleka
• Isexwayiso somzimba
• Ukusebenzisana kotshwala
• Izexwayiso zabantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo
• Izexwayiso kwamanye amaqembu
• Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe
• Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-tramadol
• Jikelele
• Isitoreji
• Ukugcwalisa kabusha
• Ukuvakasha
• Ukuqapha komtholampilo
• Izindleko ezifihliwe
• Umshuwalense
• Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Izexwayiso ezibucayi ze-FDA

Lo muthi unezixwayiso zesibhakela ezivela ku-FDA ngemiphumela engaba yingozi:

• Umlutha nokusetshenziswa kabi
• Yehlisa umoya noma yeka ukuphefumula
• Ukungeniswa ngengozi
• Imiphumela esongela impilo yezingane
• Neonatal opioid ukuhoxiswa kwesifo
• Ukusebenzisana nezidakamizwa ezithile
• Ukusebenzisana ne-benzodiazepines

Umlutha nokusetshenziswa kabi: Lesi sidakamizwa singaholela ekubeni umlutha nokusetshenziswa kabi, okungaholela ekudleni ngokweqile nasekufeni. Ukusiza ukugwema lezi zinkinga, thatha lesi sidakamizwa njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho. Uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nalesi sexwayiso, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Ukuphuza kancane noma ukumisa ukuphefumula: Lesi sidakamizwa singanciphisa noma simise ukuphefumula kwakho. Uma lokhu kungelashwa ngokushesha, kungadala ukufa. Le ngozi iphezulu ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala umuthi noma ukwandisa umthamo wakho.

Ukungenisa ngengozi: Uma noma ngubani, ikakhulukazi izingane, ethatha umthamo walesi sidakamizwa ngengozi ngisho nakanye, kungadala ukufa. Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sigcinwe lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona.

Imiphumela esongela impilo yezingane: Kwezinye izimo, imizimba yezingane ingacubungula lo muthi ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphefumuleni kancane nasekufeni. Lesi sidakamizwa akufanele sisetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala. Akufanele futhi isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18 ubudala ezinezici ezithile zobungozi, noma ezisanda kuba ne-tonsillectomy noma i-adenoidectomy.

Isifo sokuhoxiswa kwe-Neonatal opioid syndrome: Uma usebenzisa lo muthi isikhathi eside ngenkathi ukhulelwe, ungadala ukuhoxiswa enganeni yakho. Ukuhoxa kwengane yakho kungaholela ekufeni. Izimpawu zokuhoxa zingabandakanya ukucasuka, ukungasebenzi kahle, amaphethini okulala angajwayelekile, nokukhala okuphezulu. Zingabandakanya nokuzamazama, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, nokwehluleka ukukhuluphala.

Ukusebenzisana nezidakamizwa ezithile: Ukuthatha i-tramadol ngezidakamizwa ezithile kungadala imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene. Le miphumela ifaka phakathi amazinga akhuphukayo e-tramadol, okungenzeka aholele ekuqulekeni nase-serotonin syndrome.Kubandakanya nokusebenza okuncishisiwe kwe-tramadol, kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa kwe-opioid. Izidakamizwa ezingadala le miphumela zifaka i-amiodarone, i-quinidine, i-erythromycin, i-ketoconazole, i-ritonavir, kanye nemithi efanayo.

Ukusebenzisana ne-benzodiazepines: Ukuthatha i-tramadol nge-benzodiazepines nezinye izidakamizwa ezifanayo kungadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Le miphumela ingafaka ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuphefumula okuphuzile, ikhoma nokufa.

Okuvelele kwe-tramadol

1. Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeTramadol iyatholakala njengokubili okomuthi ojwayelekile nowegama lomkhiqizo. Igama lomkhiqizo: Ultram.
2. Amathebulethi womlomo weTramadol angena kuzo zombili izinhlobo zokukhishwa ngokushesha nezikhishwe isikhathi eside. I-Tramadol nayo iza njenge-capsule yomlomo.
3. I-Tramadol isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo nobunzima.

Yini i-tramadol?

Ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-Tramadol isidakamizwa esivela kudokotela esitholakala njengethebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha futhi ekhishwe isikhathi eside. I-Tramadol nayo iza njenge-capsule yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside. Izidakamizwa ezikhishwa ngokushesha zikhishelwa emzimbeni ngokushesha. Izidakamizwa ezandisiwe zikhishelwa emzimbeni kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Womabili amaphilisi omlomo e-tramadol ayatholakala njengezidakamizwa ezijwayelekile. Ithebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha iyatholakala njengesidakamizwa esinegama lomkhiqizo Ultram. Imithi ejwayelekile ijwayele ukubiza imali encane kunohlobo lwamagama. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka zingatholakali ngawo wonke amandla noma amafomu njengomuthi wegama lomkhiqizo.

I-Tramadol yinto elawulwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngokuqapha okusondele kukadokotela.

Kungani kusetshenziswa

I-Tramadol isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo nobunzima.

I-Tramadol ingasetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuhlanganayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungadinga ukuyithatha neminye imithi.

Isebenza kanjani

I-Tramadol ingeyesigaba semithi ebizwa ngama-opioid agonists. Isigaba semithi siyiqembu lemithi esebenza ngendlela efanayo. Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo ezifanayo.

I-Tramadol isebenza ngokushintsha indlela ubuchopho bakho obuzwa ngayo ubuhlungu. I-Tramadol iyefana nezinto ezisengqondweni yakho ezibizwa ngama-endorphin. Ama-endorphin abopha kuma-receptors (izingxenye zamaseli ezithola into ethile). Ama-receptors abe esehlisa imiyalezo yezinhlungu umzimba wakho oyithumela ebuchosheni bakho. I-Tramadol isebenza ngendlela efanayo yokwehlisa inani lobuhlungu ubuchopho bakho obucabanga ukuthi unabo.

Imiphumela emibi ye-Tramadol

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeTramadol ingadala ukozela. Akufanele ushayele, usebenzise imishini esindayo, noma wenze noma yimiphi imisebenzi eyingozi uze wazi ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa sikuthinta kanjani. I-Tramadol nayo ingadala eminye imiphumela emibi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-tramadol ingafaka:

• isiyezi
• ikhanda
• ukozela
• isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• ukuqunjelwa
• ukungabi namandla
• ukujuluka
• umlomo owomile

Uma le miphumela imnene, ingahle ihambe zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto ambalwa. Uma zinzima kakhulu noma zingahambi, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Imiphumela emibi kakhulu

Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma unemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Shayela u-911 uma izimpawu zakho zizizwa zisongela impilo noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha. Imiphumela emibi kanye nezimpawu zayo zingafaka okulandelayo:

• Isifo se-Serotonin. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
  • umfutho wegazi ophakeme
  • izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphakeme kunokujwayelekile
  • izingqondo ezinamandla kunokujwayelekile
  • ukungabi nokuxhumana (ukulawula ukunyakaza kwakho)
  • isicanucanu nokuhlanza
  • isifo sohudo
  • ukuyaluza
  • ukusangana (ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingezona ezingokoqobo)
  • ikhoma
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula ezinzima. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • izinga lokuphefumula elehlile
  • ukuphefumula okungajulile (ukunyakaza kwesifuba esincane ngokuphefumula)
  • ukuquleka, isiyezi, noma ukudideka
• Ukuncika emzimbeni nokuhoxa lapho umisa umuthi. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukuzizwa uthukuthele, ukhathazekile noma ungenakho ukuthula
  • inkathazo yokulala
  • ukwanda komfutho wegazi
  • izinga lokuphefumula okusheshayo
  • ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
  • abafundi abahlanzekile (abakhulu)
  • amehlo anezinyembezi
  • ikhala eligijimayo
  • kuzamula
  • isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
  • isifo sohudo nezimpawu zesisu
  • ukujuluka
  • Ukugodola
  • ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubuhlungu beqolo, noma ubuhlungu bamalunga
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-adrenal. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukukhathala okuhlala isikhathi eside
  • ubuthakathaka bemisipha
  • ubuhlungu esiswini sakho
• Ukushoda kwe-Androgen. Izimpawu zingafaka:
  • ukukhathala
  • inkathazo yokulala
  • amandla anciphile
• Ukuquleka
• Umlutha noma ukusetshenziswa kabi kwalesi sidakamizwa

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu lwazi lubandakanya yonke imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala uxoxa ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo owazi umlando wakho wezokwelapha.

I-Tramadol ingaxhumana neminye imithi

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeTramadol ingaxhumana neminye imithi, amavithamini, noma amakhambi okungenzeka ukuthi uthatha. Ukusebenzisana kulapho into iguqula indlela umuthi osebenza ngayo. Lokhu kungaba yingozi noma kuvimbele umuthi ukuthi usebenze kahle.

Ukusiza ukugwema ukuxhumana, udokotela wakho kufanele aphathe yonke imithi yakho ngokucophelela. Qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngayo yonke imithi, amavithamini, noma amakhambi owathathayo. Ukuthola ukuthi lo muthi ungahlangana kanjani nokunye okuthathayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi.

Izibonelo zezidakamizwa ezingadala ukusebenzisana ne-tramadol zibalwe ngezansi.

Izidakamizwa okungafanele uzisebenzise ne-tramadol

Ungathathi le mithi nge-tramadol. Ukwenza kanjalo kungadala imiphumela eyingozi emzimbeni. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• I-Carbamazepine. Ukuthatha le mithi nge-tramadol kungenza i-tramadol ingasebenzi kahle ekuqedeni ubuhlungu bakho. Kubuye kunciphise inani le-tramadol emzimbeni wakho futhi kwandise ubungozi bokuquleka.

Ukusebenzisana okwandisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi evela kwezinye izidakamizwa

Ukuthatha i-tramadol ngemithi ethile kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi evela kuleyo mithi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani lale mithi emzimbeni wakho lingakhuphuka. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• Izidakamizwa zokudangala, njenge-sertraline, i-fluoxetine, i-paroxetine, i-citalopram, i-escitalopram, i-duloxetine, noma i-venlafaxine
  • Ungahle ube namazinga akhuphukile we-serotonin (i-hormone emzimbeni wakho). Lokhu kungadala isimo esibizwa nge-serotonin syndrome. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuzwa ukukhathazeka noma ukuphumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushisa komzimba okwandayo, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.
  • Uma uthatha esinye salezi zidakamizwa nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angakuqapha kaningi futhi alungise isilinganiso sakho somuthi njengoba kudingeka.
• I-Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), kufaka phakathi isocarboxazid, phenelzine, noma selegiline
  • Ungahle ube namazinga akhuphukile we-serotonin (i-hormone emzimbeni wakho). Lokhu kungadala isimo esibizwa nge-serotonin syndrome. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuzwa ukukhathazeka noma ukuphumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushisa komzimba okwandayo, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.
  • Uma uthatha esinye salezi zidakamizwa nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angakuqapha kaningi futhi alungise isilinganiso sakho somuthi njengoba kudingeka.
• I-Linezolid
  • Ungahle ube namazinga akhuphukile we-serotonin (i-hormone emzimbeni wakho). Lokhu kungadala isimo esibizwa nge-serotonin syndrome. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuzwa ukukhathazeka noma ukuphumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushisa komzimba okwandayo, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.
  • Uma uthatha lo muthi nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angakuqapha kaningi. Bangase futhi balungise isilinganiso sakho se-tramadol njengoba kudingeka.
• ILithium
  • Ungahle ube namazinga akhuphukile we-serotonin (i-hormone emzimbeni wakho). Lokhu kungadala isimo esibizwa nge-serotonin syndrome. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuzwa ukukhathazeka noma ukuphumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushisa komzimba okwandayo, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.
  • Uma uthatha lesi sidakamizwa nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angakuqapha kaningi. Uma unezimpawu ze-serotonin syndrome, udokotela wakho angakushintshela kumuthi ohlukile ongasebenzisani ne-tramadol.
• Isibungu iSt
  • Ungahle ube namazinga akhuphukile we-serotonin (i-hormone emzimbeni wakho). Lokhu kungadala isimo esibizwa nge-serotonin syndrome. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuzwa ukukhathazeka noma ukuphumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushisa komzimba okwandayo, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.
  • Uma uthatha lo muthi nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angakuqapha kaningi futhi alungise isilinganiso sakho se-St. John's wort njengoba kudingeka.
• Izidakamizwa zekhanda, njenge-sumatriptan, i-rizatriptan, noma i-zolmitriptan
  • Ungahle ube namazinga akhuphukile we-serotonin (i-hormone emzimbeni wakho). Lokhu kungadala isimo esibizwa nge-serotonin syndrome. Izimpawu zingafaka ukuzwa ukukhathazeka noma ukuphumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukushisa komzimba okwandayo, isicanucanu, noma ukuhlanza.
  • Uma uthatha esinye salezi zidakamizwa nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angakuqapha kaningi futhi alungise isilinganiso sakho somuthi njengoba kudingeka.
• I-Hypnotics, efana ne-zolpidem
  • Kungenzeka wehlise ukuphefumula, wehlisa umfutho wegazi, wehla ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ukudideka.
  • Uma uthatha owodwa wale mithi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-tramadol iphephile yini kuwe. Udokotela wakho angakunika isilinganiso esincane se-hypnotic kuwe.
• I-Benzodiazepines, efana ne-alprazolam, i-clonazepam, i-diazepam, noma i-lorazepam
  • Uzoba sengozini enkulu yokudideka, wehlise umoya noma uyeke ukuphefumula, wehle umfutho wegazi, wehla izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ikhoma noma ukufa.
  • Uma uthatha owodwa wale mithi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-tramadol iphephile yini kuwe. Udokotela wakho angakunika isilinganiso esincane somuthi we-benzodiazepine.
• Izidakamizwa ezilwa ne-psychotic, njenge-chlorpromazine noma i-thioridazine
  • Kungenzeka wehlise ukuphefumula, wehlisa umfutho wegazi, wehla ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ukudideka.
  • Uma uthatha owodwa wale mithi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-tramadol iphephile yini kuwe. Udokotela wakho angakunika isilinganiso esincane somuthi olwa ne-psychips.
• Izidakamizwa ze-Anesthesia, njenge-succinylcholine, i-pentothal, noma i-propofol
  • Kungenzeka wehlise ukuphefumula, wehlisa umfutho wegazi, wehla ukushaya kwenhliziyo, noma ukudideka.
  • Uma uthatha esinye salezi zidakamizwa, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-tramadol iphephile yini kuwe. Udokotela wakho angakunika umthamo ophansi womuthi wokubulala izinzwa.
• Izidakamizwa ze-opioid zobuhlungu, njenge-hydrocodone, i-oxycodone, noma i-morphine
  • Uzoba sengozini enkulu yokudideka, wehlise noma uyeke ukuphefumula, wehlise umfutho wegazi, wehla isilinganiso senhliziyo, ikhoma noma ukufa.
  • Uma uthatha owodwa wale mithi, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-tramadol iphephile yini kuwe. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza isilinganiso esincane se-tramadol noma esinye isidakamizwa se-opioid.
• I-Digoxin
  • Uma uthatha lesi sidakamizwa nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angaqapha inani le-digoxin emzimbeni wakho.
• I-Warfarin
  • Uma uthatha lesi sidakamizwa nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angaqapha inani le-warfarin emzimbeni wakho ne-INR yakho (isilinganiso esijwayelekile somhlaba wonke) kaningi. Bangase futhi balungise isilinganiso sakho se-warfarin njengoba kudingeka.

Ukusebenzisana okwandisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi kusuka ku-tramadol

Uma usebenzisa i-tramadol ngemithi ethile, ungaba neminye imiphumela emibi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani le-tramadol emzimbeni wakho lingakhuphuka. Uma uthatha owodwa wale mithi nge-tramadol, udokotela wakho angakuqapha kaningi. Bangase futhi balungise isilinganiso sakho se-tramadol njengoba kudingeka. Izibonelo zale mithi zifaka:

• Ama-antibiotic, njenge-erythromycin
• Ama-anti-depressants, njenge-amitriptyline
• Izidakamizwa ezibulalayo, njenge-voriconazole noma i-ketoconazole
• Izidakamizwa zesigqi senhliziyo, njenge-quinidine
• Ama-Protease inhibitors, afana ne-ritonavir, atazanavir, noma i-darunavir

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zisebenzisana ngokwehlukile kumuntu ngamunye, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu lwazi lubandakanya konke ukuxhumana okungenzeka. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala ukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nokuhlangana okungenzeka ngayo yonke imishanguzo kadokotela, amavithamini, amakhambi nezithako, kanye nemithi oyithenga uphuza yona.

Ungayithatha kanjani i-tramadol

Lolu lwazi lwesilinganiso lwenzelwe ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-tramadol. Yonke imithamo engenzeka kanye namafomu ezidakamizwa kungenzeka angafakwa lapha.Umthamo wakho, ifomu lesidakamizwa, nokuthi uwuthatha kangaki umuthi kuzoya ngokuthi:

• iminyaka yakho
• isimo esilashwa
• sinzima kangakanani isimo sakho
• ezinye izimo zezokwelapha onazo
• ukuthi usabela kanjani esilinganisweni sokuqala

Amafomu namandla

Okujwayelekile: I-Tramadol

• Ifomu: ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa ngokushesha

• Amandla: 50 mg
  • Ifomu: ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwe isikhathi eside
  • Amandla: 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg

Umkhiqizo: Ultram

• Ifomu: ithebhulethi yomlomo ekhishwa ngokushesha
• Amandla: 50 mg

Isikali sobuhlungu obulinganiselayo nobunzima

Isikali sabadala (iminyaka eyi-18-64 iminyaka)

Ithebulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha:

• Isilinganiso esijwayelekile sansuku zonke: Ingqikithi yesilinganiso sansuku zonke ingakhuphuka ngo-50 mg njengoba kubekezelelwe njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 ukufinyelela ku-200 mg / ngosuku (50 mg izikhathi ezine ngosuku).
• Isilinganiso sesondlo: 50-100 mg njalo emahoreni ama-4-6 njengoba kudingeka.
• Umthamo omkhulu: 400 mg ngosuku.

Ithebhulethi ekhishwe enwetshiwe:

• Uma okwamanje ungasebenzisi amaphilisi akhululwa ngokushesha e-tramadol:
  • Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuqala: 100 mg kanye ngosuku.
  • Isikali siyanda: Udokotela wakho angakhuphula kancane umthamo wakho nge-100 mg njalo ezinsukwini ezi-5.
  • Umthamo omkhulu: 300 mg ngosuku.
  • Uma njengamanje uphuza amaphilisi akhululwa ngokushesha e-tramadol:
    • Isilinganiso sokuqala sokuqala: Udokotela wakho uzonquma isilinganiso sakho esisha ngokuya ngomthamo wakho wangaphambilini okhishwe ngokushesha.
    • Umthamo omkhulu: 300 mg ngosuku.

Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka yobudala engu-0-17)

Ithebulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha:

• Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka eyi-17):
  • Isilinganiso esijwayelekile sansuku zonke: Ingqikithi yesilinganiso sansuku zonke ingakhuphuka ngo-50 mg njengoba kubekezelelwe njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 ukufinyelela ku-200 mg / ngosuku (50 mg izikhathi ezine ngosuku).
  • Isilinganiso sesondlo: 50-100 mg njalo emahoreni ama-4-6 njengoba kudingeka.
  • Umthamo omkhulu: 400 mg ngosuku.
  • Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka engu-0-16):
    • Akwaziwa ukuthi ngabe le fomu ye-tramadol iphephile futhi iyasebenza yini ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-17 ubudala. Akufanele isetshenziswe ezinganeni zaleli qembu leminyaka.

Ithebhulethi ekhishwe enwetshiwe:

• Isilinganiso sengane (iminyaka engu-0-17):
  • Akwaziwa ukuthi ngabe lezi zinhlobo ze-tramadol ziphephile futhi ziyasebenza yini ezinganeni. Akufanele zisetshenziswe kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18.

Umthamo omkhulu (oneminyaka engama-65 nangaphezulu)

• Isibindi nezinso zabantu asebekhulile kungenzeka kungasebenzi ngendlela ababevame ngayo. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Njengomphumela, isidakamizwa esiningi sihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi.
• Udokotela wakho angakuqala ngomthamo owehlisiwe noma uhlelo oluhlukile lokulinganisa. Lokhu kungasiza ukugcina amazinga alo muthi ekwakheni kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.
• Uma umdala kuneminyaka engama-75, isilinganiso sakho esiphezulu sethebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha singama-300 mg ngosuku.

Ukucatshangelwa okukhethekile

Isifo sezinso:

• Ithebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha iTramadol: Uma unezinkinga ezinkulu zezinso, udokotela wakho cishe uzokunika ama-50-100 mg njalo emahoreni ayi-12. Isilinganiso esiphezulu singu-200 mg ngosuku.
• Ithebhulethi ekhishwe isikhathi eside yeTramadol: Uma unezinkinga ezinkulu zezinso, akufanele usebenzise lezi zinhlobo ze-tramadol.

Isifo sesibindi:

• Ithebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha iTramadol: Uma unezinkinga ezinzima zesibindi, udokotela wakho cishe uzokunika ama-50 mg njalo emahoreni ayi-12.
• Ithebhulethi ekhishwe isikhathi eside yeTramadol: Uma unezinkinga ezinzima zesibindi, akufanele usebenzise ithebhulethi ekhishwa enwetshiwe.

Ukuzikhulula: Inhloso yethu ukukunikeza imininingwane efanelekile futhi yamanje. Kodwa-ke, ngoba izidakamizwa zithinta umuntu ngamunye ngokuhlukile, asikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu hlu lubandakanya yonke imithamo engenzeka. Lolu lwazi aluyithathi indawo yeseluleko sezokwelapha. Hlala ukhuluma nodokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ngemithamo ekufanele.

Izexwayiso ze-Tramadol

Izexwayiso ze-FDA

• Lesi sidakamizwa sinezixwayiso eziningana ezisemabhokisini. Isexwayiso esibhakeleni yisixwayiso esibi kakhulu esivela eU.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Kwazisa odokotela neziguli ngemiphumela yezidakamizwa engaba yingozi.
• Isixwayiso sokulutha nokusetshenziswa kabi: Lesi sidakamizwa singaholela ekubeni umlutha nokusetshenziswa kabi, okungaholela ekudleni ngokweqile nasekufeni. Ukusiza ukugwema lezi zinkinga, thatha lesi sidakamizwa njengoba kunqunywe udokotela wakho. Uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nalesi sexwayiso, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
• Isu Lokuhlola Ubungozi Nokunciphisa (REMS): Ngenxa yengozi yalesi sidakamizwa yokuhlukunyezwa nokulutha, i-FDA idinga ukuthi umenzi wesidakamizwa anikeze uhlelo lwe-REMS. Ngaphansi kwezidingo zalolu hlelo lwe-REMS, umenzi wezidakamizwa kufanele athuthukise izinhlelo zokufundisa maqondana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwama-opioid kudokotela wakho.
• Yehlisa noma yeka ukuphefumula isexwayiso: Lesi sidakamizwa singanciphisa noma simise ukuphefumula kwakho. Uma lokhu kungelashwa ngokushesha, kungadala ukufa. Le ngozi iphezulu ezinsukwini ezintathu zokuqala umuthi noma ukwandisa umthamo wakho.
• Isexwayiso sokungenisa ngengozi: Uma noma ngubani, ikakhulukazi izingane, ethatha umthamo walesi sidakamizwa ngengozi ngisho nakanye, kungadala ukufa. Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sigcinwe lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona.
• Imiphumela esongela impilo yezingane ezixwayisa: Kwezinye izimo, imizimba yezingane ingacubungula lo muthi ngokushesha okukhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphefumuleni kancane nasekufeni. Lesi sidakamizwa akufanele sisetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-12 ubudala. Akufanele futhi isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18 ubudala ezinezici ezithile zobungozi, noma ezisanda kuba ne-tonsillectomy noma i-adenoidectomy.
• Isixwayiso se-Neonatal opioid syndrome Uma usebenzisa lo muthi isikhathi eside ngenkathi ukhulelwe, ungadala ukuhoxiswa enganeni yakho. Ukuhoxa kwengane yakho kungaholela ekufeni. Izimpawu zokuhoxa zingabandakanya ukucasuka, ukungasebenzi kahle, amaphethini okulala angajwayelekile, nokukhala okuphezulu. Zingabandakanya nokuzamazama, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, nokwehluleka ukukhuluphala.
• Ukusebenzisana nesixwayiso esithile semithi: Ukuthatha i-tramadol ngezidakamizwa ezithile kungadala imiphumela emibi ehlukahlukene. Le miphumela ifaka phakathi amazinga akhuphukayo e-tramadol, okungenzeka aholele ekuqulekeni nase-serotonin syndrome. Kubandakanya nokusebenza okuncishisiwe kwe-tramadol, kanye nezimpawu zokuhoxa kwe-opioid. Izidakamizwa ezingadala le miphumela zifaka i-amiodarone, i-quinidine, i-erythromycin, i-ketoconazole, i-ritonavir, kanye nemithi efanayo.
• Ukusebenzisana nesexwayiso se-benzodiazepines: Ukuthatha i-tramadol nge-benzodiazepines nezinye izidakamizwa ezifanayo kungadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu. Le miphumela ingafaka ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuphefumula okuphuzile, ikhoma nokufa.

Ezinye izexwayiso

Lesi sidakamizwa siza nezinye izixwayiso eziningana.

Isixwayiso sokuquleka

I-Tramadol ingadala noma ibhebhethekise ukuquleka. Ubungozi bakho bokuquleka bungaphezulu uma uthatha eminye imithi ethile. Le mithi ifaka ezinye izidakamizwa zezinhlungu ze-opioid noma imishanguzo ethile yokudana, ezinye izifo zemizwa, noma i-psychosis. Uma uthatha i-tramadol eningi kakhulu, ungalashwa ngomuthi obizwa nge-naloxone. Lesi sidakamizwa siphakamisa nobungozi bakho bokuquleka.

Isexwayiso somzimba

I-Tramadol ingadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• inkinga yokuphefumula
• ukuvuvukala kobuso bakho, izindebe, umphimbo, noma ulimi
• ukulunywa okukhulu
• isifuba (ukunwaya okuhlabayo)
• isikhumba esishayayo noma esikhanyayo

Uma uthola ukusabela okweqile, shayela udokotela wakho noma isikhungo sendawo sokulawula ubuthi ngokushesha. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze.

Ungaphinde uwuthathe lo muthi uma ngabe uke waba nokungezwani komzimba nawo noma amanye ama-opioid ngaphambili. Ukuyithatha futhi kungaba yingozi (kungadala ukufa).

Ukusebenzisana kotshwala

Ukusetshenziswa kweziphuzo eziqukethe utshwala kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi ethile evela ku-tramadol. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuphefumula okuphuzile, ukwehla kwenhliziyo, ukwehla kwengcindezi yegazi, noma ukudideka. Akufanele uphuze utshwala ngenkathi uthatha i-tramadol.

Izexwayiso zabantu abanezimo ezithile zempilo

Okwabantu abanesithuthwane: Uma unesifo sokuwa noma umlando wokuquleka, i-tramadol ingadala noma ibhebhethekise ukuquleka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-tramadol iphephile yini kuwe.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zempilo yengqondo: Uma unemicabango yokuzilimaza ngamabomu, noma uzilimaze, ungathathi i-tramadol.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zokulutha: Uma unezinkinga zokulutha, njengokulutha utshwala noma izidakamizwa, ungayithathi i-tramadol. Futhi gwema lesi sidakamizwa uma unomlando wokulutha.

Kubantu abalimele ekhanda: I-Tramadol ingakhuphula ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho. Lokhu kungasenza sibe sibi isimo sakho noma kwenze kube nzima kodokotela ukuxilonga noma ukuthola imbangela yezinkinga ebuchosheni bakho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-tramadol iphephile yini kuwe.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zesisu: I-Tramadol ingenza izinkinga ezithile zesisu zibe zimbi kakhulu. Kungenza futhi ukuthi kube nzima kodokotela ukuthola noma ukuthola imbangela yezinkinga. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi i-tramadol iphephile yini kuwe.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zezinso:

• Ithebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha iTramadol: Uma unezinkinga zezinso noma umlando wesifo sezinso, ungahle ungakwazi ukusula lesi sidakamizwa emzimbeni wakho kahle. Lokhu kungakhuphula amazinga e-tramadol emzimbeni wakho futhi kudale imiphumela emibi eminingi.
• Ithebhulethi ekhishwe isikhathi eside yeTramadol: Uma unezinkinga ezinzima zezinso, akufanele usebenzise amafomu wokukhishwa okwandisiwe we-tramadol.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zesibindi:

• Ithebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha iTramadol: Uma unezinkinga zesibindi noma umlando wesifo sesibindi, umzimba wakho kungenzeka ungakwazi ukucubungula kahle lesi sidakamizwa. Lokhu kungakhuphula amazinga e-tramadol emzimbeni wakho futhi kudale imiphumela emibi eminingi.
• Ithebhulethi ekhishwe isikhathi eside yeTramadol: Uma unezinkinga ezinzima zesibindi, akufanele usebenzise amafomu wokukhishwa okwandisiwe we-tramadol.

Kubantu abanezinkinga zokuphefumula: I-Tramadol inganciphisa ukuphefumula kwakho futhi ibangele ukuphefumula okungajulile. Ukuphefumula okungajwayelekile kusho ukuthi uphefumula okuncane, okufushane. Uma usuvele unenkinga yokuphefumula, njengesifuba somoya, khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuthi ngabe lo muthi uphephile yini kuwe.

Izexwayiso kwamanye amaqembu

Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe: I-Tramadol yisigaba C somuthi wokukhulelwa. Lokho kusho izinto ezimbili:

1. Ukucwaninga ngezilwane kukhombise imiphumela emibi embungwini lapho umama ethatha umuthi.
2. Akuzange kube nezifundo ezanele ezenziwe ebantwini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuthi ungawuthinta kanjani umbungu.

Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa. Lesi sidakamizwa kufanele sisetshenziswe kuphela uma inzuzo engaba khona ibeka engcupheni engaba khona enganeni. Shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ukhulelwa ngenkathi uthatha lo muthi.

Kwabesifazane abancelisayo: I-Tramadol ingadlulela ebisini lwebele futhi idale imiphumela emibi enganeni enceliswa. Le miphumela ingafaka ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane nokufa.

I-Tramadol ayinconywa ukuthi isetshenziswe ngabesifazane abancelisayo. Khuluma nodokotela wakho uma uncelisa ingane yakho ibele. Uzodinga ukunquma ukuthi uyeka ukuncelisa noma uyeke ukuthatha lo muthi.

Okwabadala: Izinso noma isibindi sabantu asebekhulile kungenzeka zingasebenzi ngendlela ababevame ngayo. Lokhu kungadala ukuthi umzimba wakho ukwazi ukucubungula izidakamizwa kancane. Njengomphumela, isidakamizwa esiningi sihlala emzimbeni wakho isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuphakamisa ubungozi bakho bemiphumela emibi. Abadala abaneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu basengozini enkulu yemiphumela emibi evela kumafomu akhishwa isikhathi eside alo muthi.

Okwezingane:

• Ithebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha iTramadol: Akwaziwa ukuthi lo muthi uphephile futhi uyasebenza yini ezinganeni. Akufanele isetshenziswe ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-17 ubudala.
• Ithebhulethi ekhishwe isikhathi eside yeTramadol: Akwaziwa ukuthi lo muthi uphephile futhi uyasebenza yini ezinganeni. Akufanele isetshenziswe kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala.

Thatha njengoba kuqondisiwe

Ithebhulethi yomlomo yeTramadol isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwesikhashana noma kwesikhathi eside. Isikhathi sakho sokwelashwa sincike ekutheni ubuhlungu bakho bukhulu kangakanani. Kuza nezingozi ezinkulu uma ungayithathi njengokuyalelwe.

Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokungazelelwe noma ungawuthathi nhlobo: Ubuhlungu bakho bungaqhubeka. Uma uyeka ukuthatha umuthi ngokungazelelwe, ungahle ube nezimpawu zokuhoxa, okungabandakanya:

• ukuzizwa uthukuthele, ukhathazekile noma ungenakho ukuthula
• inkathazo yokulala
• ukwanda komfutho wegazi
• izinga lokuphefumula okusheshayo
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• abafundi abahlanzekile (abakhulu)
• amehlo anezinyembezi
• ikhala eligijimayo
• kuzamula
• isicanucanu, ukuhlanza nokulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• isifo sohudo nezimpawu zesisu
• ukujuluka
• Ukugodola
• ubuhlungu bemisipha, ubuhlungu beqolo, noma ubuhlungu bamalunga

Uma uphuthelwa imithamo noma ungaphuzi umuthi ngesikhathi: Imithi yakho kungenzeka ingasebenzi kahle noma ingayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele. Ukuze lo muthi usebenze kahle, inani elithile lidinga ukuba semzimbeni wakho ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Uma uthatha kakhulu: Ungaba namazinga ayingozi omuthi emzimbeni wakho. Izimpawu zokweqisa izidakamizwa zalesi sidakamizwa zingafaka:

• ukuphefumula okuhamba kancane noma okungajulile
• kunzima ukukhuluma
• ukudideka
• ukukhathala ngokweqile
• isikhumba esibandayo nesimbumbulu
• ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• abafundi abancishisiwe (abancane kakhulu)
• isithuthwane
• ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuhamba kancane ngendlela eyingozi
• umfutho wegazi ophansi
• izinkinga zenhliziyo eziyingozi njengesigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile noma ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo (lapho inhliziyo iyeka ukushaya ngokungazelelwe)
• ikhoma
• ukufa

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uthathe kakhulu lo muthi, shayela udokotela wakho noma funa ukuholwa yi-American Association of Poison Control Centers ku-800-222-1222 noma ngethuluzi labo eliku-inthanethi. Kepha uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, shayela ku-911 noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha.

Okufanele ukwenze uma uphuthelwa umthamo: Thatha umthamo wakho ngokushesha nje lapho ukhumbula. Uma ukhumbula amahora ambalwa ngaphambi komthamo wakho olandelayo, thatha umthamo owodwa kuphela. Ungalokothi uzame ukuthola ngokuthatha amanani amabili ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi eyingozi.

Ungasho kanjani ukuthi umuthi uyasebenza: Kufanele uzwe ubuhlungu obuncane.

Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokuthatha i-tramadol

Gcina lokhu kubheka engqondweni uma udokotela wakho ekuhlolela ithebhulethi yomlomo ye-tramadol.

Jikelele

• Ungathatha i-tramadol ngokudla noma ngaphandle kokudla
• Ukusika noma ukuchoboza lesi sidakamizwa
• Musa ukusika noma ukuchoboza ithebhulethi ekhishwe isikhathi eside. Kufanele uyigwinye iphelele.
• Ungasika noma uqede ithebhulethi ekhishwa ngokushesha.
• Akuwona wonke amakhemisi agcina zonke izinhlobo noma izinhlobo zalo muthi. Lapho ugcwalisa incwadi kadokotela, qiniseka ukuthi ushayela phambili ukuze ubone ukuthi ikhemisi lakho liphethe ifomu udokotela akunika lona.

Isitoreji

• Gcina lesi sidakamizwa ekamelweni eliphakathi kuka-59 ° F no-86 ° F (15 ° C no-30 ° C).
• Gcina le mithi esitsheni esivaliwe.
• Gcina lesi sidakamizwa kude nokukhanya.
• Ungawugcini lo muthi ezindaweni ezinomswakama noma ezinomswakama, njengezindlu zangasese.

Ukugcwalisa kabusha

Imibhalo kadokotela yalomuthi iyagcwaliseka. Udokotela wakho uzobhala inani lama-refill eligunyazwe kudokotela wakho. Kukhona umkhawulo enanini lokugcwaliswa kabusha ongakuthola kulo muthi. Wena noma ikhemisi lakho kungadingeka uxhumane nodokotela wakho ukuthola incwadi kadokotela entsha uma udinga lo muthi ogcwaliswe kabusha.

Ukuvakasha

Lapho uhamba nemithi yakho:

• Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha imithi yakho. Lapho undiza, ungalokothi uwufake esikhwameni esihloliwe. Yigcine esikhwameni sakho sokuthwala.
• Ungakhathazeki ngemishini ye-X-ray yesikhumulo sezindiza. Abakwazi ukulimaza umuthi wakho.
• Ungadinga ukukhombisa abasebenzi bezindiza ilebula lekhemisi lemithi yakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi phatha ibhokisi elinelebula kadokotela.
• Ungafaki lo muthi egumbini legilavu ​​lemoto yakho noma uwushiye emotweni. Qinisekisa ukugwema ukwenza lokhu lapho isimo sezulu sishisa kakhulu noma sibanda kakhulu.

Ukuqapha komtholampilo

Udokotela wakho kufanele aqaphele izinkinga ezithile zezempilo. Lokhu kungasiza ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlala uphephile ngenkathi usebenzisa lo muthi. Lezi zinkinga zifaka:

• Izinga lokuphefumula. Udokotela wakho angakuqapha nganoma yiziphi izinguquko kuphethini yakho yokuphefumula. Bangakuhlola lokhu ngokucophelela lapho uqala ukuthatha i-tramadol nangemva kokukhuphuka komthamo.
• Umsebenzi wezinso. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza udokotela wakho abheke ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Uma izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle, udokotela wakho angakwehlisa umthamo wakho walesi sidakamizwa noma anikeze umuthi wezinhlungu ohlukile.
• Umsebenzi wesibindi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza udokotela wakho abheke ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani. Uma isibindi sakho singasebenzi kahle, udokotela wakho angehlisa umthamo wakho walesi sidakamizwa noma anikeze umuthi wezinhlungu ohlukile.
• Ingozi yokusebenzisa kabi noma ukulutha. Ngaphambi kokuba udokotela akunikeze i-tramadol, bazohlola ubungozi bakho bokusebenzisa kabi noma ukuba umlutha wemithi ye-opioid. Uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi lokhu kuyingozi kuwe, bangahle bakunikeze umuthi wezinhlungu ohlukile.

Izindleko ezifihliwe

Ungadinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwakho nge-tramadol. Izindleko zalezi zivivinyo zizoya ngokutholakala komshuwalense wakho.

Umshuwalense

Izinkampani eziningi zomshuwalense zidinga ukugunyazwa kwangaphambili kwamafomu athile noma izinhlobo zalo muthi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi udokotela wakho angadinga ukuthola imvume enkampanini yakho yomshuwalense ngaphambi kokuba inkampani yakho yomshuwalense ikhokhele incwadi kadokotela.

Ingabe zikhona ezinye izindlela?

Kuneminye imithi etholakalayo yokwelapha isimo sakho. Ezinye zingakulungela kangcono kunabanye. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinye izinketho zezidakamizwa ezingakusebenzela.

Ukuzikhulula: I-Healthline yenze yonke imizamo yokuqinisekisa ukuthi lonke ulwazi luyiqiniso, luphelele futhi lusesikhathini. Kodwa-ke, le ndatshana akufanele isetshenziswe njengokungena esikhundleni solwazi nobungoti bochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwezempilo onelayisense. Kufanele uhlale uthintana nodokotela wakho noma omunye uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuthatha noma imuphi umuthi. Imininingwane yezidakamizwa equkethwe lapha ingashintsha futhi ayihloselwe ukumboza konke ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona, izinkomba, izixwayiso, izexwayiso, ukuxhumana kwezidakamizwa, ukungezwani komzimba, noma imiphumela emibi. Ukungabikho kwezixwayiso noma olunye ulwazi lomuthi othile awukhombisi ukuthi inhlanganisela yezidakamizwa noma yezidakamizwa iphephile, iyasebenza, noma ilungele zonke iziguli noma konke ukusetshenziswa okuthile.