Idluliselwa kanjani i-coronavirus entsha (i-COVID-19)

-Delile

• 1. Ukukhwehlela nokuthimula
• 2. Ukuthintana nezindawo ezingcolisiwe
• 3. Ukudluliselwa komlomo ngomlomo
• Ukuguqulwa kwe-COVID-19
• Ungayitholi kanjani i-coronavirus
• Kungenzeka yini ukubamba igciwane kaningi?

Ukudluliswa kwe-coronavirus entsha, ebhekele i-COVID-19, kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngokuhogela amathonsi amathe nezimfihlo zokuphefumula ezingamiswa emoyeni lapho umuntu one-COVID-19 ekhwehlela noma ethimula.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi kwamukelwe izindlela zokuzivikela, njengokugeza izandla zakho ngensipho namanzi, ukugwema ukuhlala endlini nabantu abaningi nokumboza umlomo wakho namakhala noma nini lapho udinga ukuthimula noma ukukhwehlela.

ICoronavirus umndeni wamagciwane obhekene nezinguquko zokuphefumula, okuvame ukudala umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela okukhulu nokuphefumula kanzima. Funda kabanzi ngama-coronaviruses nezimpawu zokutheleleka nge-COVID-19.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokudluliswa kwe-coronavirus entsha zibonakala zisebenzisa:

1. Ukukhwehlela nokuthimula

Indlela ejwayelekile yokudluliswa kwe-COVID-19 ukuhogela amaconsi noma amathe okuphefumula, angaba khona emoyeni imizuzwana noma imizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula komuntu onezimpawu noma ongenampawu.

Le ndlela yokudlulisela ifakazela inani elikhulu labantu abatheleleke ngaleli gciwane, ngakho-ke, yamenyezelwa yi-World Health Organisation (WHO) njengeyona ndlela eyinhloko yokudlulisa i-COVID-19, nezinyathelo ezifana nokugqoka imaski yokuvikela izindawo kufanele zamukelwe emphakathini, gwema ukuba endlini nabantu abaningi futhi njalo vala umlomo wakho namakhala lapho udinga ukukhwehlela noma ukuthimula ekhaya.

Ngokusho kophenyo olwenziwe yiNational Institute of Infectious Diseases of Japan ^[3], kunengozi ephakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-19 yokuthola leli gciwane ngaphakathi, kunangaphandle, ngokunembile ngoba kunokuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwabantu nesikhathi eside.

2. Ukuthintana nezindawo ezingcolisiwe

Ukuxhumana nezindawo ezingcolisiwe kungenye indlela ebalulekile yokudluliswa kwe-COVID-19, ngoba, ngokocwaningo olwenziwe e-United States ^[2], i-coronavirus entsha ingahlala isuleleka kuze kube yizinsuku ezintathu kwezinye izindawo:

• Insimbi engagqwali: kuze kube yizinsuku ezi-3;
• Ithusi: 4 amahora;
• Amakhadibhodi: Amahora angu-24.

Uma ubeka izandla zakho kulezi zindawo bese uhlikihla ubuso bakho, ukunwaya iso lakho noma ukuhlanza umlomo wakho, ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi ungangcoliswa yigciwane, elingangena emzimbeni ngezinambuzane zomlomo wakho , amehlo namakhala.

Ngalesi sizathu, i-WHO incoma ukugeza izandla njalo, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuba sezindaweni zomphakathi noma abasengozini enkulu yokungcola ngamaconsi okukhwehlela noma okuthimula kwabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukubulala amagciwane ezindaweni ezihlala njalo. Bona okuningi mayelana nokuhlanza izindawo ekhaya nasemsebenzini ukuze uzivikele ku-COVID-19.

3. Ukudluliselwa komlomo ngomlomo

Ucwaningo olwenziwe ngoFebhuwari 2020 eChina ^[1] futhi kuphakamise ukuthi ukudluliswa kwe-coronavirus entsha kungenzeka ngendlela yomlomo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, ngoba izingane ezi-8 kwezingu-10 ezifakiwe ocwaningweni zibe nomphumela omuhle we-coronavirus ku-rectal swab kanye ne-negative ku-nasab swab, ekhombisa ukuthi igciwane lingahlala emgodini wamathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifundo sakamuva esivela ngoMeyi 2020 ^[4], futhi kukhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlukaniswa kwaleli gciwane endleni yabantu abadala abangu-12 kwabangu-28 abafundwe kwatholakala ukuthi bane-COVID-19.

Abaphenyi baseSpain baphinde baqinisekisa ukutholakala kwe-coronavirus entsha esitamkokweni ^[5] futhi ngathola ukuthi uSARS-CoV2 wayekhona ngisho nangaphambi kokuqinisekiswa kwamacala okuqala, okukhombisa ukuthi igciwane lase livele lizungeza abantu. Olunye ucwaningo lwenziwa eNetherlands ^[6] kuhloswe ukukhomba izinhlayiya zegciwane endle futhi kwaqinisekisa ukuthi ezinye zezinhlaka zaleli gciwane bezikhona, ezingakhombisa ukuthi igciwane lingaqedwa endle.

Kwesinye isifundo esenziwe phakathi kukaJanuwari noMashi 2020 ^[8], ezigulini ezingama-41 kweziyi-74 ezine-SARS-CoV-2 positive rectal and nasal swab, i-nasal swab yahlala inesifo cishe izinsuku eziyi-16, ngenkathi i-rectal swab yahlala inethemba cishe izinsuku ezingama-27 ngemuva kokuqala kwezimpawu., ekhombisa ukuthi i-rectal I-swab inganikeza imiphumela enembe kakhulu maqondana nokuba khona kwegciwane emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esinye isifundo ^[9] ithole ukuthi iziguli ezine-SARS-CoV-2 rectal swab enhle inezibalo eziphansi ze-lymphocyte, impendulo enkulu yokuvuvukala kanye nezinguquko ezinzima kulesi sifo, okukhombisa ukuthi i-rectal swab enhle ingaba yinkomba ebucayi kakhulu ye-COVID-19.Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-SARS-CoV-2 ngokweqile kungaba isu elisebenzayo maqondana nokuqapha iziguli ezine-SARS-CoV-2 ukutheleleka okuqinisekiswe izivivinyo zamangqamuzana ezenziwe nge-nasal swab.

Lo mzila wokudlulisa usafundwa, kepha izifundo ezethulwe phambilini ziyaqinisekisa ukuthi ikhona le ndlela yokutheleleka, engenzeka ngokusebenzisa amanzi angcolile, ukuhogela amathonsi noma ama-aerosol ezitshalweni zokwelapha amanzi noma ngokuxhumana nezindawo ezingcoliswe indle equkethe igciwane.

Ngaphandle kwalokhu okutholakele, ukudluliswa komlomo ngomlomo akukaze kufakazelwe, futhi noma ngabe umthamo wegciwane otholakala kula masampuli unele ukubangela ukutheleleka, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi ukuqashwa kwamanzi endle kuthathwa njengecebo lokuqapha ukusabalala kwegciwane.

Ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi ukudluliswa kwenzeka kanjani nokuthi ungazivikela kanjani ku-COVID-19:

Ukuguqulwa kwe-COVID-19

Ngoba liyigciwane le-RNA, kuyinto eyejwayelekile ukuthi abakwaSARS-CoV-2, okuyigciwane elibhekele lesi sifo, benze ushintsho oluthile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokusho kokuguquka kwesimo, indlela yokuziphatha kwaleli gciwane kungashintshwa, njengamandla okudlulisa, ubucayi besifo nokumelana nokwelashwa.

Okunye ukuguquka kwamagciwane okuye kwaduma kakhulu yilokho okwakhonjwa okokuqala e-United Kingdom futhi kuqukethe izinguquko eziyi-17 ezenzeka kuleligciwane noma ngasikhathi sinye futhi okubonakala kwenza lolu hlobo olusha ludluliselwe kalula.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezinye zalezi zinguquko zihlobene nesakhi esibhekene nokufaka ikhodi kumaphrotheni asengaphezulu kwegciwane futhi ahlangana namaseli womuntu. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuguquka, igciwane lingabopha amaseli kalula futhi lidale ukutheleleka.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, okunye okwahlukile kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kutholakele eNingizimu Afrika naseBrazil nakho okunamandla amakhulu okudlulisa futhi okungahlobene namacala abucayi kakhulu we-COVID-19. Kodwa-ke, kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe ukusiza ukuqonda kangcono ukusebenza kwegciwane ngenxa yalokhu kuguquka.

Ungayitholi kanjani i-coronavirus

Ukugwema ukutheleleka kwe-COVID-19, kunconywa ukwamukela iqoqo lezinyathelo zokuvikela ezibandakanya:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuxhumana nomuntu onegciwane noma okusolakala ukuthi uyena;
• Gwema izindawo ezivaliwe neziminyene, ngoba kulezi zindawo igciwane lingasakazeka kalula futhi lifinyelele inani elikhulu labantu;
• Gqoka izifihla-buso zomuntu siqu ukumboza ikhala nomlomo futhi ikakhulukazi uvikele ukudluliselwa kwabanye abantu. Ezifundeni ezinengcuphe ephezulu yokutheleleka kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo abanakekela abantu abane-coronavirus esolwayo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa imaski ye-N95, N100, FFP2 noma i-FFP3.
• Gwema ukuthintana nezilwane zasendle noma obonakala egula, ngoba ukudluliselwa kungenzeka phakathi kwezilwane nabantu;
• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zakho siqu lawo angaba namaconsi amaconsi, isibonelo, njengokusika nezibuko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengendlela yokuvimbela ukudluliswa, i-World Health Organisation ithuthukisa futhi isebenzise izindlela zokuqapha ukusola kanye namacala okutheleleka nge-coronavirus ukuze kuqondwe ubudlova begciwane kanye nendlela yokudlulisa. Bheka ezinye izindlela zokugwema ukuthola i-coronavirus.

Funda kabanzi ngaleli gciwane kuvidiyo elandelayo:

Kungenzeka yini ukubamba igciwane kaningi?

Eqinisweni, kukhona izigameko ezibikiwe zabantu abathole leli gciwane okwesibili ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Kodwa-ke, futhi ngokusho kweCDC^[7], ingozi yokubamba i-COVID-19 futhi incane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinsukwini ezingama-90 zokuqala ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba ukhiqiza amasosha omzimba aqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwemvelo egciwaneni, okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-90 zokuqala.