Siyini isimila endlala yendlala, izimpawu eziyinhloko nokwelashwa

-Delile

• Ingabe likhona ikhambi endlaleni yama-pituitary?
• Izimpawu eziyinhloko
• Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa
• Izimbangela ezingaba khona
• Yelashwa kanjani

Isimila esisendalweni ye-pituitary, esaziwa nangokuthi i-pituitary tumor, siqukethe ukukhula kwesisindo esingajwayelekile esivela ku-pituitary gland, esendaweni engezansi kobuchopho. I-pituitary gland iyindlala enkulu, ebhekele ukulawula ezinye izindlala emzimbeni ukukhiqiza ama-hormone ayo, ngakho-ke lapho kuvela isimila kulesi sifunda, izimpawu ezimbalwa zingaba khona, njengezinguquko ku-thyroid, ukungabi nenzalo noma ukucindezela okwandisiwe, ngokwesibonelo .

Ngokuvamile, izicubu zomzimba azilutho futhi ngenxa yalokho azinakubhekwa njengomdlavuza, zibizwa ngokuthi ama-pituitary adenomas, kepha lezi zingadala nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, ngoba eziningi zazo zikhiqiza ama-hormone ngokweqile, zithinta umzimba wonke, ngakho-ke zihlolwe ngudokotela wezifo zemizwa no-endocrinologist futhi waphathwa ngokufanele.

Ingabe likhona ikhambi endlaleni yama-pituitary?

Izicubu zeBenign pituitary azisakazeki kuwo wonke umzimba, ngoba aziyona i-carcinoma, futhi imvamisa zihlala zitholakala esihlalweni seTurkey, okuyindawo encane lapho kutholakala khona indlala yesibeletho, kepha zingakhula futhi zicindezele ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane njengemikhumbi igazi, izinzwa nezinsini, kepha imvamisa kulula ukuselapha futhi kungaqedwa ngokuphelele, ngamathuba amakhulu okwelashwa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko

Izimpawu zesimila se-pituitary zixhomeke kubukhulu nasendaweni, kepha kungaba:

Isimila ku-pituitary yangaphakathi

• Ukukhula okweqile kwezitho noma amathambo, okubizwa nge-acromegaly, ngenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-hormone yokukhula (GH);
• I-Hyperthyroidism ngenxa yokwanda kwe-hormone evuselela i-thyroid (TSH), elawula i-thyroid;
• Ukwanda kwesisindo esisheshayo nokuqongelela kwamafutha, ngenxa yokukhuphuka kokukhiqizwa kwehomoni ye-ACTH eholela esifo sikaCushing;
• Ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda noma isidoda, okungadala inzalo, ngenxa yezinguquko ekukhiqizeni i-luteinizing hormone (LH) ne-follicle stimulating hormone (FSH);
• Ukukhiqizwa ketshezi elimhlophe yingono, ezimweni zesimila esikhiqiza i-prolactin, okuholela ekuvikeleni okuphezulu kwe-prolactin nobisi ngamabele abesifazane abangancelisi ibele, okuthiwa i-galactorrhea. Umphumela wayo kwabesilisa uyefana futhi lesi sibonakaliso ukuxilongwa kwalolu hlobo lwesimila, esaziwa njengeprolactinoma.

Isimila ku-pituitary gland engemuva (okungajwayelekile)

• Isifiso esivamile sokuchama nokukhuphula ingcindezi ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-Diabetes insipidus, okubangelwa ukwanda kwe-hormone elwa namagciwane (ADH);
• Izilonda zesibeletho, ngenxa yokwanda kwe-oxytocin, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesibeletho.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izimpawu zingavela, njengokuqaqamba ikhanda njalo nokubi, izinkinga zokubona, ukukhathala ngokweqile, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi uma isimila sifaka ingcindezi kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho.

Izimpawu ze-Macroadenoma

Lapho isimila se-pituitary singaphezu kuka-1 cm ububanzi sithathwa njenge-macroadenoma, lapho singacindezela kwezinye izindawo zobuchopho, njenge-optic nerve noma i-chiasma, okudala izimpawu ezinjengezi:

• IStrabismus, okuyilapho amehlo engalungiswanga kahle;
• Umbono ophuthelwe noma ophindwe kabili;
• Ukwehla kwe-engeli yokubuka, ngokulahleka kombono womngcele;
• Ikhanda;
• Ubuhlungu noma ukuzwa ukuba ndikindiki ebusweni;
• Isizungu noma ukuquleka.

Thola ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izimpawu zesimila ebuchosheni ezikhona: Izimpawu zesimila sobuchopho.

Ungakuqinisekisa kanjani ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwesimila ku-pituitary gland kwenziwa ngokususelwa kuzimpawu umuntu azivezayo nangokuhlolwa kwegazi, nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging okufana nokufanekisa ngemagnificent resonance, futhi kwezinye izimo, udokotela angacela ukubhalwa kwesifo, kodwa akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi isidingo sokwenza lokhu kokugcina.

Ama-adenomas amancane we-pituitary angakhiqizi ama-hormone amaningi futhi atholakala ngengozi, lapho enza i-MRI noma i-computed tomography scan, ingahle ingadingi ukwelashwa okuthile, okudinga ukuhlolwa kuphela njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma unyaka owodwa, ukubona ukuthi ngabe kukhuphukile yini usayizi , ngokucindezela ezinye izindawo zobuchopho.

Izimbangela ezingaba khona

Izimbangela zesimila endlaleni yesibeletho kungenxa yokuthambekela kofuzo umuntu anakho, ngenxa yezinguquko kwi-DNA yakhe, futhi lolu hlobo lwesimila aluvamile emndenini ofanayo, futhi alulona ifa.

Azikho izimbangela zemvelo ezaziwayo noma ezinye izinto ezihlobene nokukhula kwalolu hlobo lwesimila, kungaba yinhle noma sibi, futhi akukho lutho umuntu angenza ukuthi abe nalo noma angalutholi lolu hlavu.

Yelashwa kanjani

Ukwelashwa kungaphilisa ngokuphelele isimila se-pituitary, kufanele kuqondiswe yi-neurosurgeon futhi imvamisa kuqala ngokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isimila ngamakhala noma ukusika kogebhezi, olunethuba lokuphumelela elingama-80%. Lapho isimila sikhulu kakhulu futhi sithinta ezinye izifunda zobuchopho, kunengozi enkulu yokulimaza izicubu zobuchopho, okuyinqubo eyingozi kakhulu. Izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ngemuva, njengokuphuma kwegazi, ukutheleleka noma ukusabela ku-anesthesia akuvamile, kepha kungenzeka.

Kodwa-ke, uma isimila esisendleleni ye-pituitary singesikhulu kakhulu, i-radiotherapy noma amakhambi we-hormonal, njengeParlodel noma iSandostatin, angasetshenziswa ukuvimbela noma ukubuyisa ukukhula kwawo. Lapho isimila sikhulu, udokotela angakhetha ukuqala ukwelashwa nge-radiotherapy noma ngemithi yokwehlisa ubukhulu besimila, bese esikhipha ngokuhlinzwa.

Ukuqashwa kwecala kungenziwa yisazi sezinzwa noma i-endocrinologist ngokuhlolwa okufanele kwenziwe njalo ukuhlola impilo yomuntu jikelele.