Okufanele Ukwazi Ngomgomo Wokukhwehlela Wabantu Abadala

-Delile

• Ingabe abantu abadala badinga umuthi wokugomela wokukhwehlela?
• Ingabe kufanele uthole umgomo wokukhwehlela lapho ukhulelwe?
• Yiluphi uhlelo olunconywayo lomuthi wokugomela ukukhwehlela?
• Yini ukusebenza komuthi wokugomela wokukhwehlela?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona evela kumuthi wokugomela wokukhwehlela?
• Ubiza malini umuthi wokugomela wokukhwehlela?
• Ayini amasu okuvikela ukukhwehlela, ngaphandle komuthi wokugoma?
• Ukuthatha

Ukukhwehlela yisifo esithathelwanayo sokuphefumula. Kungadala ukukhwehlela okungalawuleki, ukuphefumula kanzima, kanye nezinkinga ezisongela impilo.

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukukhwehlela ukukhwehlela ukugoma.

Izinhlobo ezimbili zomuthi wokugomela ukukhwehlela ziyatholakala e-United States: umuthi wokugoma i-Tdap nomuthi wokugomela we-DTaP. Umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap unconyelwa izingane ezindala nabantu abadala, kuyilapho umuthi wokugomela we-DTaP unconyelwa izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala.

Funda ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomuthi wokugoma we-Tdap wabantu abadala.

Ingabe abantu abadala badinga umuthi wokugomela wokukhwehlela?

Ukutheleleka kokukhwehlela kuvame ukuthinta izingane kaningi futhi kanzima kakhulu kunabanye abantu. Kodwa-ke, izingane ezindadlana nabantu abadala nabo bangasithola lesi sifo.

Ukuthola umuthi wokugoma wokukhwehlela kuzokwehlisa amathuba akho okuthola lesi sifo. Lokhu kuzosiza ekukuvimbeleni ukuthi ungadluliseli lesi sifo ezinganeni nakwabanye abantu abaseduze kwakho.

Umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap nawo wehlisa ubungozi bokuthola i-diphtheria ne-tetanus.

Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuvikela umuthi iyaguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kungakho-ke abantu begqugquzela ukuthi bathole umuthi wokuphindaphinda izikhathi zokuphila kwabo, kufaka okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni eyishumi lapho sebekhulile.

Ingabe kufanele uthole umgomo wokukhwehlela lapho ukhulelwe?

Uma ukhulelwe, ukuthola umgomo wokukhwehlela kuzosiza ekuvikeleni wena nengane yakho engakazalwa kulesi sifo.

Yize izingane zingagonyelwa ukukhwehlela, zivame ukuthola umuthi wazo wokugoma wokuqala lapho zinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala. Lokho kubashiya besengozini yokutheleleka ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila.

Ukukhwehlela kungaba yingozi kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane, futhi kwezinye izimo kuze kubulale nokufa.

Ukusiza ukuvikela izingane ezisencane ekukhwehleleni, ululeka abantu abadala abakhulelwe ukuthi bathole umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap phakathi ne-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa.

Umuthi wokugoma uzobangela umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize amasosha omzimba wokuzivikela ukusiza ukulwa nokukhwehlela. Uma ukhulelwe, umzimba wakho uzodlulisela la ma-antibody embundwini osesibelethweni sakho. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuvikela ingane, ngemuva kokuba izelwe.

Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi umuthi wokugomela ukhwehlela uphephile kubantu abakhulelwe kanye nemibungu, ngokusho kwe. Umuthi wokugoma awukhuphuli ubungozi bezinkinga zokukhulelwa.

Yiluphi uhlelo olunconywayo lomuthi wokugomela ukukhwehlela?

Lokhu kuncoma uhlelo olulandelayo lokugoma ukukhwehlela:

• Izinsana nezingane: Thola isibhamu se-DTaP eneminyaka eyizinyanga ezimbili, izinyanga ezine, izinyanga eziyisithupha, izinyanga eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-18, neminyaka emi-4 kuye kwengu-6.
• Intsha: Thola isibhamu seTdap phakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 nengu-12.
• Abantu abadala: Thola isibhamu seTdap kanye njalo eminyakeni eyishumi.

Uma ungakaze uthole umuthi wokugoma we-DTaP noma we-Tdap, ungalindi iminyaka eyi-10 ukuze uwuthole. Ungawuthola umuthi wokugoma nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma ngabe usanda kugonyelwa i-tetanus ne-diphtheria.

Umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap nawo uyanconywa phakathi ne-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa.

Yini ukusebenza komuthi wokugomela wokukhwehlela?

Ngokusho kwe-, umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap unikela ngokuvikelwa okugcwele ekukhwehleleni kokukhwehlela cishe:

• Abantu abayi-7 kwabali-10, onyakeni wokuqala ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma
• Abantu abathathu kuya kwabane kwabayishumi, eminyakeni emine ngemuva kokuthola umuthi wokugoma

Lapho umuntu okhulelwe ethola umuthi wokugoma phakathi ne-trimester yesithathu yokukhulelwa, uvikela ingane yakhe ekukhwehleleni ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zokuphila ezimweni ezi-3 kwezine.

Uma umuntu enza inkontileka yokukhwehlela ngemuva kokugonyelwa yona, umuthi wokugoma ungasiza ekwehliseni ubunzima besifo.

Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona evela kumuthi wokugomela wokukhwehlela?

Umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap uphephe kakhulu ezinganeni, ezinganeni ezindala, nakubantu abadala.

Lapho imiphumela emibi yenzeka, bavame ukuba mnene futhi baxazulule ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Imiphumela emibi engaba khona ibandakanya:

• ububomvu, ubumnene, ubuhlungu, nokuvuvukala endaweni yokujova
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba
• ikhanda
• ukukhathala
• isicanucanu
• ukuhlanza
• isifo sohudo
• umkhuhlane omncane
• Ukugodola
• ukuqubuka

Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, umuthi wokugoma ungadala ukusabela okweqile komzimba noma eminye imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

Uma unomlando wokuphendula okweqile, ukugula, noma ezinye izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa, yazisa udokotela wakho. Bangakusiza ufunde ukuthi kuphephile yini kuwe ukuthola umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap.

Ubiza malini umuthi wokugomela wokukhwehlela?

E-United States, izindleko zomuthi wokugoma i-Tdap zincike ekutheni unomshuwalense wezempilo noma cha. Izikhungo zezempilo zikahulumeni ezixhaswa nguhulumeni nazo zinikela ngemithi yokugoma, kwesinye isikhathi nemali ekhokhwayo yesilayidi esuselwa emholweni wakho. Iminyango yezempilo yoMbuso neyasekhaya imvamisa inganikeza imininingwane yokuthi ungayithola kanjani imijovo yamahhala noma ebiza izindleko.

Iningi lezinhlelo zangasese zomshuwalense wezempilo zinikeza ukumbozwa kwezinye noma zonke izindleko zomuthi wokugoma. I-Medicare Part D iphinde inikeze ukumbozwa kokugoma. Kodwa-ke, ungahle ubhekane namanye amacala ngokuya ngohlelo oluthile onalo.

Uma unomshuwalense wezempilo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho womshuwalense ukuze ufunde ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lomshuwalense luhlanganisa izindleko zomuthi wokugoma. Uma ungenawo umshwalense, khuluma nodokotela wakho, usokhemisi, noma iminyango yezempilo yombuso noma yendawo ukuze ufunde ukuthi umuthi wokugoma uzobiza malini.

Ayini amasu okuvikela ukukhwehlela, ngaphandle komuthi wokugoma?

Umuthi wokukhwehlela ukhwehlela uphephile futhi unconyelwe iningi labantu abadala. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abanezimo ezithile zezokwelapha kungenzeka bangakwazi ukuthola umuthi wokugoma.

Uma udokotela wakho ekucebisa ukuthi ungawutholi umuthi wokugoma, nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukwehlisa ubungozi bokuthola ukutheleleka:

• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka kwesandla, ngokugeza izandla kaningi ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engama-20 isikhathi ngasinye.
• Gwema ukuxhumana okuseduze nabantu abakhombisa izimpawu noma izimpawu zokukhwehlela.
• Khuthaza amanye amalungu omndeni wakho ukuthi athole umuthi wokugomela ukukhwehlela.

Uma othile ekhaya lakho etholakala ukuthi unesifo sokukhwehlela, yazisa udokotela wakho. Kwezinye izimo, bangakukhuthaza ukuthi uthathe imishanguzo yokuvikela izifo. Lokhu kungasiza ukwehlisa amathuba akho okuthola ukutheleleka.

Abantu abathole umuthi wokugoma bangaphinda basebenzise lezi zindlela zokuvimbela ukuqhubeka nokunciphisa amathuba abo okuthola ukukhwehlela.

Ukuthatha

Ukuthola umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap kuzokwehlisa amathuba akho okuthola ukukhwehlela - futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokudlulisela ukutheleleka kwabanye. Lokhu kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwesikhwehlela emphakathini wakho.

Umuthi wokugoma we-Tdap uphephile kubantu abadala abaningi futhi ubeka ingozi ephansi kakhulu yemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ufunde ukuthi kufanele uwuthole nini futhi nini umuthi wokugoma.