I-Bronchiectasis

I-Bronchiectasis yisifo lapho kulimala khona imigwaqo yomoya emaphashini. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imigwaqo yomoya ibe banzi unomphela.

I-Bronchiectasis ingaba khona lapho kuzalwa noma isencane noma ikhule kamuva empilweni.

I-Bronchiectasis ivame ukubangelwa ukuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka kwemigwaqo yomoya eqhubeka ibuya.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuqala ebuntwaneni ngemuva kokuthola ukutheleleka okunzima kwamaphaphu noma ukuhogela into yangaphandle. Ukuphefumula izinhlayiya zokudla nakho kungaholela kulesi simo.

Ezinye izimbangela ze-bronchiectasis zingabandakanya:

• ICystic fibrosis, isifo esibanga amafinyila aminyene, anamathelayo ukwakha emaphashini
• Ukuphazamiseka okuzenzakalelayo, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-Sjögren syndrome
• Izifo zamaphaphu ezingezwani
• Umdlavuza wegazi kanye nomdlavuza ohlobene nawo
• Ama-syndromes wokushoda komzimba
• I-cilia dyskinesia eyinhloko (esinye isifo sokuzalwa)
• Ukutheleleka nge-mycobacteria engeyona isifo sofuba

Izimpawu zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kungenzeka kwenzeke izinyanga noma iminyaka ngemuva komcimbi odala i-bronchiectasis.

Ukukhwehlela isikhathi eside (okungamahlalakhona) ngamanani amakhulu esikhwehlela esinuka kabi kuyisifo esiyinhloko se-bronchiectasis. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Iphunga lokuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela igazi (okungajwayelekile ezinganeni)
• Ukukhathala
• Ukudinwa
• Ukuphefumula okuya kuba kubi kakhulu ngokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukwehla kwesisindo
• Ukuqhuma
• Umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi nokujuluka ebusuku
• Ukuxhunyaniswa kweminwe (okungajwayelekile, kuya ngesizathu)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lapho ulalele isifuba nge-stethoscope, umhlinzeki angezwa ukuchofoza okuncane, ukubhuza, ukuphefumula, ukuqhaqhazela, noma eminye imisindo, imvamisa emaphashini aphansi.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Isivivinyo se-Aspergillosis precipitin (ukubheka izimpawu zokungazwani komzimba nesikhunta)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Isifuba CT
• Isiko lesikhohlela
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC)
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezithukuthuku kwe-cystic fibrosis nokuhlolwa kwezinye izifo (njenge-ciliary dyskinesia eyinhloko)
• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-PPD ukuhlola ukutheleleka kwesifo sofuba esedlule
• I-serum immunoglobulin electrophoresis ukukala amaprotheni abizwa ngama-immunoglobulin egazini
• Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamaphaphu ukukala ukuphefumula nokuthi amaphaphu asebenza kahle kanjani
• Ukukhubazeka komzimba

Ukwelashwa kuhloswe ngakho:

• Ukulawula izifo kanye nesikhwehlela
• Ukhulula ukuvinjelwa komoya
• Ukuvimbela inkinga ukuthi ibe yimbi kakhulu

Ukudonsa nsuku zonke ukususa isikhwehlela kuyingxenye yokwelashwa. Umelaphi wokuphefumula angakhombisa umuntu izivivinyo zokukhwehlela ezizosiza.

Imithi ivame ukunikezwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ama-antibiotic ukwelapha izifo
• Ama-Bronchodilators ukuvula imigwaqo yomoya
• Ama-Expectorants okusiza ukukhulula nokukhwehlela isikhwehlela esiwugqinsi

Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha (resect) amaphaphu kungadingeka uma umuthi ungasebenzi futhi isifo sisendaweni encane, noma uma umuntu enegazi eliningi emaphashini. Kuvame ukucatshangelwa uma kungekho ukuthambekela kofuzo noma okutholakele kwe-bronchiectasis (ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukubheka ukuthi ngabe kukhona i-bronchiectasis engxenyeni eyodwa yamaphaphu kuphela ngenxa yokuvinjelwa kwangaphambili).

Umbono uncike embangela ethile yalesi sifo. Ngokwelashwa, abantu abaningi baphila ngaphandle kokukhubazeka okukhulu futhi lesi sifo siqhubeka kancane.

Izinkinga ze-bronchiectasis zingafaka:

• Cor pulmonale
• Akhwehlele igazi
• Amazinga e-oxygen aphansi (ezimweni ezinzima)
• I-pneumonia ephindaphindiwe
• Ukucindezeleka (ezimweni ezingavamile)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuphefumula kancane kuba kubi kakhulu
• Kukhona ushintsho kumbala noma inani le-phlegm okhwehlela, noma uma ligazi
• Ezinye izimpawu ziba zimbi kakhulu noma azithuthuki ngokwelashwa

Unganciphisa ubungozi bakho ngokuphatha ngokushesha izifo zamaphaphu.

Imigomo yokugomela izingane kanye nokugomela umkhuhlane waminyaka yonke kusiza ekwehliseni amathuba okutheleleka ngezifo ezithile. Ukugwema izifo eziphezulu zokuphefumula, ukubhema, kanye nokungcola kunganciphisa nengozi yakho yokuthola lesi sifo.

I-bronchiectasis etholakele; I-bronchiectasis yokuzalwa; Isifo samaphaphu esingapheliyo - i-bronchiectasis

• Ukuhlinzwa kwamaphaphu - ukukhipha

• Amaphaphu
• Uhlelo lokuphefumula

UChan ED, u-Iseman MD. I-Bronchiectasis. Ku: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, abakwa-eds. Incwadi kaMurray neNadel Yemithi Yokuphefumula. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 48.

UChang AB, uRedding GJ. I-bronchiectasis nesifo samaphaphu esingapheliyo. Ku: Wilmott RW, Deterding R, Li A, et al, ama-eds. Ukuphazamiseka kweKendig's the Respiratory Tract in Children. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 26.

U-O'Donnell AE. I-Bronchiectasis, i-atelectasis, ama-cysts, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu okwenziwe endaweni. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 84.