I-myocarditis

I-myocarditis ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo.

Isimo sibizwa ngokuthi yi-pediatric myocarditis lapho senzeka ezinganeni.

I-Myocarditis yisifo esingajwayelekile. Isikhathi esiningi, kubangelwa ukutheleleka okufika enhliziyweni.

Uma unesifo, amasosha akho omzimba akhiqiza amangqamuzana akhethekile ukulwa nezifo. Uma ukutheleleka kuthinta inhliziyo yakho, amaseli alwa nezifo angena enhliziyweni. Kodwa-ke, amakhemikhali enziwa lawa maseli nawo angalimaza imisipha yenhliziyo. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhliziyo ingaba mkhulu, ivuvuke, futhi ibe buthakathaka.

Amacala amaningi abangelwa igciwane elifinyelela inhliziyo. Lokhu kungafaka igciwane lomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane), i-coxsackievirus, i-parovirus, i-cytomegalovirus, i-adenovirus, nabanye.

Kungabangelwa nokutheleleka kwamagciwane njengesifo seLyme, i-streptococcus, i-mycoplasma, ne-chlamydia.

Ezinye izimbangela ze-myocarditis zifaka:

• Ukusabela emithini ethile, njengezidakamizwa ezithile ze-chemotherapy
• Ukuvezwa kumakhemikhali asezemvelo, njengezinsimbi ezisindayo
• Ukutheleleka ngenxa yefungus noma izimuncagazi
• Imisebe
• Iziphazamiso ze-autoimmune ezibangela ukuvuvukala emzimbeni wonke

Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela ngqo kungenzeka ingatholakali.

Kungase kungabikho zimpawu. Izimpawu zingafana nomkhuhlane. Uma kwenzeka izimpawu, zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obungafana nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• Ukukhathala noma ukungabi nalutho
• Imfiva nezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka kufaka phakathi ikhanda, ubuhlungu bemisipha, umphimbo obuhlungu, isifo sohudo noma ukuqubuka
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene noma ukuvuvukala
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze
• Okuphaphathekile, izandla nezinyawo ezipholile (uphawu lokujikeleza okungafanele)
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo

Ezinye izimpawu ezingase zivele ngalesi sifo:

• Ukuquleka, okuvame ukuhlobene nemigqi yenhliziyo engafanele
• Ukukhishwa komchamo ophansi

I-myocarditis ingaba nzima ukuyithola ngoba izimpawu nezimpawu zivame ukulingisa ezinye izifo zenhliziyo namaphaphu, noma isifo esibi somkhuhlane.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angase ezwe ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma imisindo yenhliziyo engajwayelekile ngenkathi elalele isifuba sengane nge-stethoscope. Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungathola uketshezi emaphashini nokuvuvukala emilenzeni ezinganeni ezindala.

Kungaba nezimpawu zokutheleleka, kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane nokuqubuka.

I-x-ray yesifuba ingakhombisa ukukhuliswa (ukuvuvukala) kwenhliziyo. Uma umhlinzeki esola ukuthi i-myocarditis isuselwa ekuhlolweni nasesifubeni i-x-ray, i-electrocardiogram nayo ingenziwa ukusiza ukwenza ukuxilongwa. I-biopsy yenhliziyo iyindlela enembile kunazo zonke yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kepha ayidingi njalo. Futhi, i-biopsy yenhliziyo kungenzeka ingakudaluli ukuxilongwa uma ucezu oluncane lwezicubu zenhliziyo olususwe lungaqukethe umzimba osolwayo noma ezinye izinkomba.

Olunye uvivinyo olungadingeka lungafaka:

• Amasiko egazi ukuhlola ukutheleleka
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukubheka amasosha omzimba alwa namagciwane noma imisipha yenhliziyo uqobo
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi nezinso
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi
• Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuhlola ubukhona begciwane egazini (i-viral PCR)

Ukwelashwa kuhloselwe imbangela yenkinga, futhi kungabandakanya:

• Ama-antibiotics ukulwa nokutheleleka kwamagciwane
• Imithi ebizwa ngama-steroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• I-immunoglobulin (IVIG) efakwa ngaphakathi, umuthi owenziwe ngezinto (ezibizwa ngama-antibodies) umzimba owukhiqizayo ukulwa nezifo, ukulawula inqubo yokuvuvukala
• Izidakamizwa zokususa amanzi amaningi emzimbeni
• Ukudla okunosawoti omningi
• Umsebenzi owehlisiwe

Uma imisipha yenhliziyo ibuthakathaka, umhlinzeki wakho uzokunikeza imithi yokwelapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile singadinga ukusetshenziswa kweminye imithi. Ungadinga futhi idivayisi efana ne-pacemaker, noma i-cardioverter-defibrillator's implantable ukulungisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okuyingozi okungavamile. Uma i-clot yegazi isekamelweni lenhliziyo, uzothola nemithi yokuncipha kwegazi.

Imvamisa, ukufakelwa inhliziyo kungadingeka uma imisipha yenhliziyo isiba buthakathaka kakhulu ukuba ingasebenza.

Umphumela ungahluka, kuya ngesizathu senkinga nempilo yomuntu jikelele. Abanye abantu bangalulama ngokuphelele. Abanye bangaba nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo okuhlala njalo.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• I-Cardiomyopathy
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• I-Pericarditis

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu ze-myocarditis, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokutheleleka kwakamuva.

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma:

• Izimpawu zakho zinzima.
• Utholwe ukuthi une-myocarditis, futhi wandise ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuvuvukala, noma izinkinga zokuphefumula.

Phatha izimo ezibangela i-myocarditis ngokushesha ukunciphisa ubungozi.

Ukuvuvukala - imisipha yenhliziyo

• I-myocarditis
• Inhliziyo - isigaba phakathi nendawo
• Inhliziyo - ukubuka kwangaphambili

I-Cooper LT, i-Knowlton KU. I-myocarditis. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 79.

UKnowlton KU, uSavoia MC, u-Oxman MN. I-myocarditis ne-pericarditis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 80.

UMcKenna WJ, u-Elliott P. Izifo ze-myocardium ne-endocardium. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 54.