I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) yisimo lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba mkhulu khona. Imvamisa, ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yenhliziyo iyajiya kunezinye izingxenye.

Ukushuba kungenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi liphume enhliziyweni, kuphoqe inhliziyo ukuthi isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi. Futhi kungenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukukhululeka nokugcwala igazi.

I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ivame ukudluliselwa emindenini (ezuzwe njengefa). Kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo ezilawula ukukhula kwemisipha yenhliziyo.

Abantu abasebancane kungenzeka babe nefomu elibi kakhulu le-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Kodwa-ke, isimo siyabonakala kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka.

Abanye abantu abanesimo kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu. Bangase baqale bathole ukuthi banenkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile.

Kubantu abadala abaningi abasha, uphawu lokuqala lwe-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ukuwa okungazelelwe nokufa okungenzeka. Lokhu kungabangelwa isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile kakhulu (i-arrhythmias). Kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yokuvinjelwa okuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi lisuke enhliziyweni liye kuwo wonke umzimba.

Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba
• Isiyezi
• Ukuquleka, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukukhathala
• Ubumhlophe, ikakhulukazi ngomsebenzi noma ngemuva noma ngokuzivocavoca umzimba
• Ukuzwa kokuzwa inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha noma ngokungajwayelekile (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)
• Ukuphefumula ngomsebenzi noma ngemuva kokulala phansi (noma ukulala isikhashana)

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi alalele inhliziyo namaphaphu nge-stethoscope. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Inhliziyo engajwayelekile izwakala noma inhliziyo ibubula. Le misindo ingashintsha ngezikhundla zomzimba ezihlukene.
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme.

Ukushaya kwezingalo nentamo yakho nakho kuzohlolwa. Umhlinzeki angazizwa ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile esifubeni.

Izivivinyo ezisetshenziselwa ukuxilonga ubukhulu bemisipha yenhliziyo, izinkinga zokugeleza kwegazi, noma ama-valve wenhliziyo avuzayo (i-mitral valve regurgitation) ingafaka:

• I-Echocardiography
• ECG
• Ukuqapha kwamahora angama-24 (ukuqapha kwesigqi senhliziyo)
• I-catheterization yenhliziyo
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-MRI yenhliziyo
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwenhliziyo
• I-Transceophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukukhipha ezinye izifo.

Amalungu omndeni asondele kakhulu abantu okutholwe ukuthi ane-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy angahlolwa isimo.

Hlala ulandela iseluleko somhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuzivocavoca umzimba uma une-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ungatshelwa ukuthi ugweme ukuvivinya umzimba kanzima. Futhi, bona umhlinzeki wakho ngokuhlolwa okuhleliwe njalo.

Uma unezimpawu, ungahle udinge imishanguzo efana ne-beta-blockers kanye ne-calcium channel blockers yokusiza inkontileka yenhliziyo futhi iphumule kahle. Le mithi ingadambisa ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuphefumula okuncane lapho uzivocavoca.

Abantu abane-arrhythmias bangadinga ukwelashwa, okufana nalokhu:

• Imithi yokwelapha isigqi esingajwayelekile.
• Abanciphisi begazi ukunciphisa ubungozi bamahlule egazi (uma i-arrhythmia ingenxa ye-fibrillation ye-atrial).
• I-pacemaker ehlala njalo yokulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• I-defibrillator efakiwe eqaphela isigqi senhliziyo esisongela impilo futhi ithumele umfutho kagesi ukuyimisa. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa i-defibrillator, noma ngabe isiguli besingenayo i-arrhythmia kepha sisengozini enkulu ye-arrhythmia ebulalayo (ngokwesibonelo, uma imisipha yenhliziyo ijiyile kakhulu noma ibuthakathaka, noma isiguli sinesihlobo esife ngokuzuma).

Lapho ukuphuma kwegazi okuphuma enhliziyweni kuvinjelwe kakhulu, izimpawu zingaba nzima. Ukuhlinzwa okubizwa nge-myectomy yokuhlinza kungenziwa. Kwezinye izimo, abantu banganikezwa umjovo wotshwala emithanjeni edlisa ingxenye yenhliziyo ejiyile (i-alcohol septal ablation). Abantu abanenqubo le bavame ukukhombisa ukuthuthuka okuningi.

Ungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze ulungise i-mitral valve yenhliziyo uma ivuza.

Abanye abantu abane-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy kungenzeka bangabi nazimpawu futhi bazoba nempilo ejwayelekile. Abanye bangase babe babi kancane noma ngokushesha. Kwezinye izimo, lesi simo singakhula sibe yi-cardiomyopathy eseluliwe.

Abantu abane-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy basengozini enkulu yokufa ngokuzumayo kunabantu abangenalesi simo. Ukufa okungazelelwe kungenzeka lapho usemncane.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ezinezibikezelo ezihlukile. Umbono ungaba ngcono lapho lesi sifo sivela kubantu asebekhulile noma lapho kunephethini ethile yobukhulu emisipheni yenhliziyo.

I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy iyimbangela eyaziwayo yokufa okungazelelwe kwabasubathi. Cishe isigamu sokufa ngenxa yalesi simo senzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemuva nje kohlobo oluthile lokuvivinya umzimba.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unezimpawu ze-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
• Uba nobuhlungu besifuba, ukushaya ngamandla, ukuphelelwa amandla, noma ezinye izimpawu ezintsha noma ezingachazeki.

I-Cardiomyopathy - i-hypertrophic (HCM); IHSS; Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; Isisindo se-septal septal; UMlotha; I-HOCM; I-hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

• Inhliziyo - isigaba phakathi nendawo
• Inhliziyo - ukubuka kwangaphambili
• I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

UMaron BJ, uMaron MS, u-Olivotto I. I-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 78.

UMcKenna WJ, u-Elliott PM. Izifo ze-myocardium ne-endocardium. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 54.