I-viral gastroenteritis (umkhuhlane wesisu)

I-viral gastroenteritis ikhona lapho igciwane lidala ukutheleleka kwesisu namathumbu. Ukutheleleka kungaholela kuhudo nokuhlanza. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wesisu."

I-Gastroenteritis ingathinta umuntu oyedwa noma iqembu labantu abadle ukudla okufanayo noma baphuza amanzi afanayo. Amagciwane angangena ohlelweni lwakho ngezindlela eziningi:

• Ngqo kusuka ekudleni noma emanzini
• Ngendlela yezinto ezifana namapuleti nezitsha zokudla
• Kudluliswe kusuka kumuntu kuya komuntu ngendlela yokuxhumana okusondele

Izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane zingadala i-gastroenteritis. Amagciwane avame kakhulu yilezi:

• INorovirus (igciwane elifana neNorwalk) livamile ezinganeni ezifunda isikole. Kungadala nokuqubuka ezibhedlela nasemikhunjini yemikhumbi.
• I-Rotavirus iyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-gastroenteritis ezinganeni. Ingaphinde futhi ithelele abantu abadala abachayeka ezinganeni ezinegciwane kanye nabantu abahlala emakhaya asebekhulile.
• I-Astrovirus.
• I-adenovirus engenayo.
• I-COVID-19 ingadala izimpawu zomkhuhlane wesisu, noma ngabe izinkinga zokuphefumula zingekho.

Abantu abanobungozi obukhulu bokutheleleka okunzima bafaka izingane ezincane, abantu abadala, kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba acindezelwe.

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela kungakapheli amahora amane kuya kwangu-48 ngemuva kokuthintana naleli gciwane. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Uhudo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukugodola, isikhumba se-clammy, noma ukujuluka
• Imfiva
• Ukuqina okuhlangene noma ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukudla okungafanele
• Ukwehla kwesisindo

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzobheka izimpawu zokoma emzimbeni, kufaka phakathi:

• Umlomo owomile noma onamathelayo
• I-Lethargy noma i-coma (ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi)
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukukhishwa komchamo ophansi noma ongenawo, umchamo ogxilile obukeka uphuzi omnyama
• Izindawo ezithambile ezidakiwe (ama-fontanelles) ngaphezulu kwekhanda losana
• Azikho izinyembezi
• Amehlo adakiwe

Ukuhlolwa kwamasampula endle kungasetshenziswa ukukhomba igciwane elibanga ukugula. Isikhathi esiningi, lolu vivinyo aludingeki. Isiko lesitulo lingenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe inkinga ibangelwa yini amagciwane.

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba unamanzi nophuzo olwanele. Uketshezi nama-electrolyte (usawoti kanye namaminerali) okulahleka ngohudo noma ukuhlanza kumele kushintshwe ngokuphuza uketshezi oluthe xaxa. Noma ukwazi ukudla, kusamele uphuze uketshezi oluthe xaxa phakathi kokudla.

• Izingane ezindala nabantu abadala bangaphuza iziphuzo zemidlalo ezifana neGatorade, kepha lezi akufanele zisetshenziselwe izingane ezincane. Esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa izixazululo ze-electrolyte ne-fluid esikhundleni noma ama-freezer pops atholakala ezitolo zokudla nezidakamizwa.
• Ungasebenzisi ijusi yezithelo (kufaka phakathi ijusi le-apula), ama-sodas noma i-cola (flat noma bubbly), i-Jell-O, noma umhluzi. Lezi ziketshezi azithathi indawo yamaminerali alahlekile futhi zingenza isifo sohudo sibhebhetheke.
• Phuza amanani amancane oketshezi (2 kuya ku-4 oz. Noma i-60 kuye ku-120 ml) njalo ngemizuzu engama-30 kuye kwangama-60. Ungazami ukuphoqa uketshezi oluningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okungadala ukuhlanza. Sebenzisa isipuni (amamililitha amahlanu) noma isirinji yengane noma ingane encane.
• Izingane zingaqhubeka nokuphuza ubisi lwebele noma ifomula kanye noketshezi olungeziwe. Awudingi ukushintshela kufomula yesoya.

Zama ukudla ukudla okuncane njalo. Ukudla okuzanywa kufaka:

• Izinhlamvu, isinkwa, amazambane, inyama enciphile
• I-yogurt elula, ubhanana, ama-apula amasha
• Imifino

Uma unesifo sohudo futhi ungakwazi ukuphuza noma ukwehlisa uketshezi ngenxa yesicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, ungadinga uketshezi ngomthambo (IV). Izinsana nezingane ezincane maningi amathuba okuthi zidinge uketshezi lwe-IV.

Abazali kufanele babheke ngokucophelela inani lamanabukeni amanzi ingane noma ingane encane enayo. Amanabukeni ambalwa omanzi awuphawu lokuthi usana ludinga uketshezi oluningi.

Abantu abathatha amaphilisi amanzi (isisu) abahlaselwa yisisu bangatshelwa ngumhlinzeki wabo ukuthi bayeke ukuwaphuza kuze kube ngcono izimpawu. Kodwa-ke, UNGAYEKI ukuthatha noma imuphi umuthi kadokotela ngaphandle kokuqala ukhulume nomhlinzeki wakho.

Ama-antibiotic awasebenzeli amagciwane.

Ungathenga imithi esitolo sezidakamizwa engasiza ukumisa noma ukubambezela isifo sohudo.

• Ungayisebenzisi le mithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nomhlinzeki wakho uma unesifo sohudo esinegazi, umkhuhlane, noma uma isifo sohudo sinzima.
• Ungayiniki le mithi ezinganeni.

Kubantu abaningi, ukugula kuyaphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

Ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni okukhulu kungenzeka ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezisencane.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma isifo sohudo sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa noma uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Kufanele futhi uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma ingane yakho unalezi zimpawu:

• Igazi esitokisini
• Ukudideka
• Isiyezi
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukuzizwa uphela amandla
• Isicanucanu
• Azikho izinyembezi lapho ukhala
• Awukho umchamo amahora angu-8 noma ngaphezulu
• Ukubukeka okumanzi emehlweni
• Indawo ethambile edakiwe ekhanda losana (fontanelle)

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho khona manjalo uma wena noma ingane yakho ninezimpawu zokuphefumula, umkhuhlane noma ukuvezwa okungenzeka kube yi-COVID-19.

Amagciwane amaningi namagciwane adluliselwa esuka komunye umuntu aye komunye umuntu ngezandla ezingageziwe. Indlela engcono yokuvimbela umkhuhlane wesisu ukuphatha ukudla kahle bese ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.

Qiniseka ukuthi ubheka ukuhlukaniswa ekhaya futhi uzihlukanise ngokwakho uma kusolwa i-COVID-19.

Kunconywa umuthi wokugomela ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-rotavirus ezinganeni eziqala lapho zinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala.

Ukutheleleka kwe-Rotavirus - i-gastroenteritis; Igciwane le-Norwalk; I-gastroenteritis - igciwane; Umkhuhlane wesisu; Uhudo - igciwane; Izitulo ezikhululekile - igciwane; Ukucasuka esiswini - igciwane

• Lapho unesicanucanu nokuhlanza

• Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla
• Izitho zohlelo lokugaya ukudla

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I-DuPont HL, i-Okhuysen PC. Sondela esigulini ngokutheleleka nge-enteric. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 267.

IKotloff KL. I-gastroenteritis enamandla ezinganeni. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 366.

IMelia JMP, Sears CL. I-enteritis ethathelwanayo ne-proctocolitis. Ku: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, ama-eds. Sleisenger kanye neFordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 110.