I-Hyperthyroidism

I-Hyperthyroidism yisimo lapho indlala yegilo yenza khona i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu. Isimo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi yi-thyroid engasebenzi ngokweqile.

Indlala yegilo iyisitho esibalulekile sohlelo lwe-endocrine. Itholakala ngaphambili entanyeni ngenhla nje lapho kuhlangana khona amathambo akho ekhola. Indlala yenza amahomoni alawula indlela wonke amaseli emzimbeni asebenzisa ngayo amandla. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-metabolism.

Izifo nezimo eziningi kungadala i-hyperthyroidism, kufaka phakathi:

• Isifo samathuna (imbangela ejwayelekile ye-hyperthyroidism)
• Ukuvuvukala (i-thyroiditis) yegilo ngenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane, eminye imithi, noma ngemuva kokukhulelwa (okuvamile)
• Ukuthatha i-hormone yegilo eningi kakhulu (evamile)
• Ukukhula okungenamdlavuza kwe-thyroid gland noma i-pituitary gland (okungajwayelekile)
• Ezinye izicubu zama-testes noma ama-ovari (ezingavamile)
• Ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha nedayi ehlukile ene-iodine (engavamile, futhi kuphela uma kunenkinga nge-thyroid)
• Ukudla ukudla okuningi okuqukethe iodine (okungajwayelekile, futhi kuphela uma kunenkinga nge-thyroid)

Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukukhathazeka
• Kunzima ukugxila
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuhamba kwamathumbu kaningi
• I-Goiter (indlala yegilo ekhulisiwe ebonakalayo) noma amaqhubu wegilo
• Ukulahleka kwezinwele
• Ukuthuthumela kwesandla
• Ukungabekezelelani kokushisa
• Ukwanda kwesifiso
• Ukujuluka okwengeziwe
• Isikhathi esingajwayelekile sokuya esikhathini kwabesifazane
• Izinguquko zesipikili (ukujiya noma ukuqhuma)
• Ukwesaba
• Ukushaya noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo ukushaya (ukushaya kwenhliziyo)
• Ukungahlaliseki
• Izinkinga zokulala
• Ukwehla kwesisindo (noma ukuzuza kwesisindo, kwezinye izimo)

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka ngalesi sifo:

• Ukukhula kwamabele emadodeni
• Isikhumba seClammy
• Uhudo
• Ukuzizwa uphela amandla lapho uphakamisa izandla zakho
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Amehlo alumayo noma acasukile
• Isikhumba esilumayo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Amehlo aphumelayo (exophthalmos)
• Ukuqhakaza isikhumba noma ukuqhuma
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba emakhanda
• Ubuthakathaka bezinqulu namahlombe

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kungathola okulandelayo:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme we-systolic (inombolo yokuqala ekufundweni kwengcindezi yegazi)
• Ukunyuka kwenhliziyo
• Indlala yegilo eyandisiwe
• Ukuxhawulana kwezandla
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala ngamehlo
• Izimo ezinamandla kakhulu
• Isikhumba, izinwele nezipikili kuyashintsha

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nakho kuyalwa ukukala ama-hormone akho e-thyroid TSH, T3, ne-T4.

Ungase futhi uhlolwe igazi ukuhlola:

• Amazinga e-cholesterol
• Ishukela
• Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwe-thyroid njenge-Thyroid receptor antibody (TRAb) noma i-Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin (TSI)

Ukucabanga ngokuhlolwa kwe-thyroid kungadingeka, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuthathwa nokuskena kwe-iodine enemisebe
• I-ultrasound yegilo (kuyaqabukela)

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu nobukhulu bezimpawu.I-Hyperthyroidism ivame ukwelashwa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo:

• Imithi ye-Antithyroid (i-propylthiouracil noma i-methimazole) eyehlisa noma ivimbe imiphumela ye-hormone yegilo eyengeziwe
• Iodine enemisebe yokuqeda indlala yegilo futhi imise ukukhiqizwa okweqile kwamahomoni
• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-thyroid

Uma i-thyroid yakho isuswa ngokuhlinzwa noma ibhujiswa nge-iodine enemisebe, kufanele uphuze amaphilisi okufaka i-hormone yegilo impilo yakho yonke.

Imithi ebizwa nge-beta-blockers ingahle inikezwe ukwelapha izimpawu ezinjengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, ukuthuthumela, ukujuluka nokukhathazeka kuze kube yilapho i-hyperthyroidism ingalawulwa.

I-Hyperthyroidism iyelapheka. Ezinye izimbangela zingaphela ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

I-Hyperthyroidism ebangelwa yisifo se-Graves ivame ukuba yimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Inezinkinga eziningi, ezinye zazo ezinzima futhi zithinta izinga lempilo.

Inkinga ye-thyroid (isiphepho) ukuwohloka okungazelelwe kwezimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism ezingase zivele ngokutheleleka noma ukucindezeleka. Umkhuhlane, ukwehla kokuqapha, nobuhlungu besisu kungenzeka. Abantu badinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela.

Ezinye izinkinga ze-hyperthyroidism zifaka:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo njengokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile, nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• I-osteoporosis
• Isifo samehlo (ukubona kabili, izilonda ze-cornea, ukulahleka kombono)

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokuhlinzwa, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuqhuma kwentamo
• Ukubhodla ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa ebhokisini lezwi
• Izinga le-calcium eliphansi ngenxa yokulimala kwezindlala ze-parathyroid (ezisondele eduze kwendlala yegilo)
• I-Hypothyroidism (i-thyroid engasebenzi)

Ukusetshenziswa kukagwayi kungenza ezinye izinkinga ze-hyperthyroidism zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unezimpawu ze-hyperthyroidism. Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo uma une:

• Shintsha ukwazi
• Isiyezi
• Ngokushesha, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma welashwa nge-hyperthyroidism futhi uba nezimpawu ze-thyroid engasebenzi, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukucindezeleka
• Ubuvila ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo

Thyrotoxicosis; Indlala yegilo eyeqile; Isifo samathuna - i-hyperthyroidism; Indlala yegilo - hyperthyroidism; I-goiter enobuthi - i-hyperthyroidism; Amaqhubu endlala yegilo - hyperthyroidism; Indlala yegilo - hyperthyroidism

• Ukususwa kwendlala yegilo - ukukhishwa

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine
• Goiter
• Isixhumanisi se-Brain-thyroid
• Indlala yegilo

IHollenberg A, iWiersinga WM. Izinkinga ze-Hyperthyroid. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 12.

URoss DS, uBurch HB, uCooper DS, et al. Imihlahlandlela ye-2016 American Thyroid Association yokuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-hyperthyroidism nezinye izimbangela ze-thyrotoxicosis. Indlala yegilo. 2016; 26 (10): 1343-1421. I-PMID: 27521067 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27521067/.

U-Wang TS, uSosa JA. Ukuphathwa kwe-hyperthyroidism. Ku: UCameron AM, uCameron JL, ama-eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: 767-774.

I-Weiss RE, Refetoff S. Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi we-Thyroid. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, abahleli. I-Endocrinology: Eyabantu Abadala Neyengane. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 78.