I-sodium ephansi yegazi

I-sodium ephansi yegazi yisimo lapho inani le-sodium egazini liphansi kunokujwayelekile. Igama lezokwelapha lalesi simo yi-hyponatremia.

Isodium itholakala ikakhulu oketshezini lomzimba ngaphandle kwamaseli. I-Sodium yi-electrolyte (amaminerali). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umfutho wegazi.Kuyadingeka ne-sodium ukuze izinzwa, imisipha nezinye izicubu zomzimba zisebenze kahle.

Lapho inani le-sodium kuluketshezi olungaphandle kwamaseli lehla ngaphansi kokujwayelekile, amanzi angena kumaseli ukulinganisela amazinga. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amaseli avuvuke ngamanzi amaningi. Amaseli obuchopho azwela ngokukhethekile ukuvuvukala, futhi lokhu kudala izimpawu eziningi zesodium ephansi.

Nge-sodium ephansi yegazi (i-hyponatremia), ukungalingani kwamanzi ku-sodium kubangelwa ngesinye sezimo ezintathu:

• I-Euvolemic hyponatremia - inani lamanzi omzimba liyakhula, kodwa okuqukethwe komzimba we-sodium kuhlala kufana
• Hypervolemic hyponatremia - kokuqukethwe kwe-sodium namanzi emzimbeni kuyanda, kepha ukuzuza kwamanzi kukhulu
• Hypovolemic hyponatremia - amanzi ne-sodium zombili zilahlekile emzimbeni, kepha ukulahleka kwe-sodium kukhulu

I-sodium ephansi yegazi ingabangelwa:

• Ukusha okuthinta indawo enkulu yomzimba
• Uhudo
• Imithi yokwelapha (amaphilisi amanzi), okwandisa ukuphuma komchamo nokulahleka kwe-sodium ngomchamo
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Izifo zezinso
• Isibindi sokuqina kwesibindi
• Isifo semfihlo se-antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
• Ukujuluka
• Ukuhlanza

Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukudideka, ukucasuka, ukungahlaliseki
• Ukudlikizela
• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ama-spasms, noma ama-cramp
• Isicanucanu, ukuhlanza

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokuhlola ngokuphelele futhi abuze ngezimpawu zakho. Kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo.

Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okungaqinisekisa nokusiza ukuxilonga i-sodium ephansi kufaka:

• Iphaneli yemethodi ephelele (ifaka i-sodium yegazi, ibanga elijwayelekile lingu-135 kuye ku-145 mEq / L, noma ku-135 kuya ku-145 mmol / L)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-Osmolality
• Umchamo osmolality
• I-sodium yomchamo (ileveli ejwayelekile ingama-20 mEq / L kusampula yomchamo engahleliwe, kanye no-40 kuye ku-220 mEq ngosuku lokuhlolwa komchamo wamahora angama-24)

Imbangela yesodium ephansi kumele ihlolwe futhi yelashwe. Uma umdlavuza uyimbangela yesimo, khona-ke imisebe, i-chemotherapy, noma ukuhlinzwa ukususa isimila kungalungisa ukungalingani kwe-sodium.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zincike ohlotsheni oluthile lwe-hyponatremia.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Uketshezi ngomthambo (IV)
• Imithi yokuqeda izimpawu
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi

Umphumela uncike esimweni esidala inkinga. I-sodium ephansi eyenzeka ngaphansi kwamahora angama-48 (i-acute hyponatremia), iyingozi kakhulu kune-sodium ephansi ekhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho izinga le-sodium lehla kancane ngaphezu kwezinsuku noma amasonto (i-hyponatremia engapheli), amangqamuzana obuchopho anesikhathi sokulungisa futhi ukuvuvukala kungaba kuncane.

Ezimweni ezinzima, i-sodium ephansi ingaholela ku:

• Ukwehla ukwazi, ukubona izinto ezingekho kahle noma ikhoma
• Ukuqothulwa kobuchopho
• Ukufa

Lapho izinga lomzimba wakho le-sodium lehla kakhulu, kungaba yisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila. Shayela umhlinzeki wakho ngokushesha uma unezimpawu zalesi simo.

Ukwelapha isimo esidala i-sodium ephansi kungasiza.

Uma udlala imidlalo noma wenza omunye umsebenzi onamandla, phuza uketshezi olufana neziphuzo zezemidlalo eziqukethe ama-electrolyte ukugcina ileveli yomzimba wakho ibanga eliphilile.

Hyponatremia; I-Dilutional hyponatremia; I-evolemic hyponatremia; Hyponatremia Hypervolemic; Hyponatremia Hypovolemic

UDineen R, uHannon MJ, uThompson CJ. I-Hyponatremia ne-hypernatremia. Ku: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, abahleli. I-Endocrinology: Eyabantu Abadala Neyengane. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 112.

Izimo eziphuthumayo zeMetabolic Little. Ku: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, abahleli. Incwadi Yemithi Ephuthumayo Yabantu Abadala. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2015: isigaba 12.