Isifo sikashukela nesifo sezinso

Isifo sezinso noma ukulimala kwezinso kuvame ukuvela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Lolu hlobo lwesifo sezinso lubizwa nge-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela.

Inso ngalinye lenziwe ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamayunithi amancane abizwa ngama-nephrons. Lezi zakhiwo zihlunga igazi lakho, zisize ukususa imfucuza emzimbeni, nokulawula ibhalansi yoketshezi.

Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ama-nephrons ayajiya kancane abe nezibazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-nephrons aqala ukuvuza, futhi amaprotheni (i-albhamuin) adlulela emchameni. Lokhu kulimala kungenzeka eminyakeni ngaphambi kokuba kuqale noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sezinso.

Ukulimala kwezinso kungenzeka kakhulu uma:

• Yiba noshukela wegazi ongalawuleki
• Bakhuluphele
• Yiba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Yiba nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 esiqale ngaphambi kokuba ube neminyaka engama-20 ubudala
• Yiba namalungu omndeni anenkinga yesifo sikashukela nezinso
• Intuthu
• Ingabe ama-American American, Mexican American, noma amaMelika Omdabu

Imvamisa, azikho izimpawu njengoba kuqala ukulimala kwezinso bese kuba kubi kakhulu. Ukulimala kwezinso kungaqala eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu.

Abantu abanesifo sezinso esibi kakhulu futhi sesikhathi eside (esingapheli) bangaba nezimpawu ezinjengalezi:

• Ukukhathala isikhathi esiningi
• Ukuzizwa okuvamile
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukudla okungekuhle
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Isikhumba esilumayo
• Thuthukisa kalula izifo

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzo-oda ukuhlolwa ukuthola izimpawu zezinkinga zezinso.

Ukuhlolwa komchamo kubheka iprotheni, ebizwa nge-albumin, evuza emchameni.

• I-albhamuin eningi emchameni imvamisa iyisibonakaliso sokulimala kwezinso.
• Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-microalbuminuria ngoba kukala inani elincane le-albhamuin.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzohlola nengcindezi yegazi lakho. Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ulimaza izinso zakho, kanti umfutho wegazi unzima ukulawula uma ulimele izinso.

I-biopsy yezinso ingalawulwa ukuthi iqinisekise ukuxilongwa noma ifune ezinye izimbangela zokulimala kwezinso.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, umhlinzeki wakho uzohlola izinso zakho ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zegazi ezilandelayo minyaka yonke:

• Igazi urea nitrogen (BUN)
• I-serum creatinine
• Kubalwa isilinganiso sokuhlunga se-glomerular (GFR)

Lapho ukulimala kwezinso kubanjwa kusaqala, kungancishiswa ngokwelashwa. Lapho inani elikhulu lamaprotheni livela emchameni, ukulimala kwezinso kuzoba kubi kakhulu.

Landela iseluleko somhlinzeki wakho ukuze ugcine isimo sakho singabi sibi kakhulu.

Lawula ukucindezelwa kwegazi lakho

Ukugcina umfutho wegazi lakho ulawulwa (ngaphansi kuka-140/90 mm Hg) kungenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokwehlisa ukulimala kwezinso.

• Umhlinzeki wakho uzokunikeza imithi yengcindezi yegazi ukuvikela izinso zakho ekulimaleni kakhulu uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-microalbumin kuphakeme kakhulu okungenani ezilinganisweni ezimbili.
• Uma umfutho wegazi lakho usezingeni elijwayelekile futhi une-microalbuminuria, ungacelwa ukuthi uphuze izidakamizwa zengcindezi yegazi, kepha lesi sincomo manje siyimpikiswano.

LAWULA IZINGA LAKHO LEGUGA LEGAZI

Unganciphisa futhi ukulimala kwezinso ngokulawula izinga likashukela egazini lakho ngokusebenzisa:

• Ukudla ukudla okunempilo
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo
• Ukuthatha imithi yomlomo noma yokujova njengoba kuyalelwe ngumhlinzeki wakho
• Eminye imishanguzo yesifo sikashukela yaziwa ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwe-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela kangcono kuneminye imithi. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nokuthi imiphi imithi ekulungele kakhulu.
  
• Ukuhlola izinga likashukela egazini lakho kaningi njengokuyalelwa nokugcina amarekhodi ezinombolo zikashukela egazini lakho ukuze wazi ukuthi ukudla nemisebenzi kuthinta kanjani izinga lakho

EZINYE IZINDLELA ZOKUVIKELA IZINYO ZAKHO

• Idayi yokuqhathanisa kwesinye isikhathi esetshenziswa nge-MRI, i-CT scan, noma okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ezinso zakho. Tshela umhlinzeki o-oda ukuhlolwa ukuthi unesifo sikashukela. Landela imiyalo ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi ngemuva kwenqubo yokukhipha udayi kusistimu yakho.
• Gwema ukuthatha umuthi wezinhlungu we-NSAID, njenge-ibuprofen noma i-naproxen. Buza umhlinzeki wakho ukuthi ngabe lukhona yini olunye uhlobo lomuthi ongaluthatha esikhundleni salokho. Ama-NSAID angalimaza izinso, ikakhulukazi uma uzisebenzisa nsuku zonke.
• Umhlinzeki wakho angadinga ukumisa noma ukushintsha eminye imithi engalimaza izinso zakho.
• Zazi izimpawu zezifo zomgudu womchamo bese uzelashwa ngokushesha.
• Ukuba nezinga eliphansi likavithamini D kungasibhebhethekisa isifo sezinso. Buza udokotela wakho uma udinga ukuthatha izithako ze-vitamin D.

Izinsizakusebenza eziningi zingakusiza uqonde kabanzi ngesifo sikashukela. Ungafunda futhi izindlela zokuphatha isifo sakho sezinso.

Isifo sezinso sikashukela siyimbangela enkulu yokugula nokufa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela. Kungadala isidingo se-dialysis noma ukufakelwa izinso.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unesifo sikashukela futhi ungazange uhlolwe umchamo ukuhlola amaprotheni.

I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela; I-nephropathy - isifo sikashukela; I-glomerulosclerosis yesifo sikashukela; Isifo seKimmelstiel-Wilson

• Ama-ACE inhibitors
• Thayipha i-2 yesifo sikashukela - okufanele ubuze udokotela wakho

• Uhlelo lwesilisa lomchamo
• Amapanca nezinso
• I-nephropathy yesifo sikashukela

I-American Diabetes Association. 11. Izinkinga ze-Microvascular nokunakekelwa kwezinyawo: amazinga wokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kusifo sikashukela-2020. Ukunakekelwa yisifo sikashukela. 2020; 43 (Suppl 1): S135-S151. I-PMID: 31862754 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31862754/.

UBrownlee M, Aiello LP, uSun JK, et al. Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela. Ku: Melmed S, Auchus, RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, abahleli. Incwadi kaWilliams ye-Endocrinology. Umhlaka 14. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 37.

UTong LL, Adler S, Wanner C. Ukuvimbela nokwelashwa kwesifo sezinso sikashukela. Ku: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, abahleli. I-Nephrology Yomtholampilo Ephelele. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 31.