I-leukemia ye-lymphoblastic enamandla (BONKE)

I-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (YONKE) umdlavuza okhula ngokushesha wohlobo lweseli elimhlophe elibizwa nge-lymphoblast.

KONKE kwenzeka lapho umnkantsha ukhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-lymphoblasts angavuthiwe. Umnkantsha wethambo yizicubu ezithambile ezisenkabeni yamathambo ezisiza ukwakha wonke amaseli egazi. Ama-lymphoblast angajwayelekile akhula ngokushesha futhi abuyisele amangqamuzana ajwayelekile emnkantsheni wethambo. KONKE kuvimbela ukwakheka kwamaseli egazi aphilile. Izimpawu ezisongela impilo zingenzeka njengoba ukubala kwegazi okujwayelekile kwehla.

Isikhathi esiningi, asikho isizathu esicacile esingatholwa BONKE.

Izici ezilandelayo zingadlala indima ekuthuthukiseni zonke izinhlobo ze-leukemia:

• Izinkinga ezithile ze-chromosome
• Ukuvezwa yimisebe, kufaka phakathi ama-x-ray ngaphambi kokuzalwa
• Ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini ngemithi yokwelapha ngamakhemikhali
• Ukuthola ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo
• Ubuthi, njenge-benzene

Izici ezilandelayo ziyaziwa ukuthi zandisa ubungozi KONKE:

• I-Down syndrome noma ezinye izifo zofuzo
• Umfowethu noma udade one-leukemia

Lolu hlobo lwe-leukemia luvamise ukuthinta izingane ezineminyaka engu-3 kuya kwengu-7 KONKE umdlavuza wezingane ovame kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka nakubantu abadala.

KONKE kwenza umuntu abe sethubeni lokuphuma futhi ahlaselwe yizifo. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu bamathambo namalunga
• Ukulimala okulula nokopha (njengezinsini ezophayo, ukuphuma kwegazi, ukuphuma kwamakhala, izikhathi ezingavamile)
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka noma ukhathele
• Imfiva
• Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla nokuncipha
• Ukudinwa
• Ubuhlungu noma umuzwa wokugcwala ngaphansi kwezimbambo ezivela esibindi esikhulisiwe noma ubende
• Khomba izindawo ezibomvu esikhunjeni (petechiae)
• Kuvuvukele ama-lymph node entanyeni, ngaphansi kwezingalo, nasemgodini
• Ukujuluka ebusuku

Lezi zimpawu zingenzeka nezinye izimo. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wezempilo mayelana nencazelo yezimpawu ezithile.

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu zakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungafaka:

• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi (CBC), kufaka phakathi isibalo segazi elimhlophe (WBC)
• Ukubalwa kweplatelet
• I-bone marrow biopsy
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar (umpompi womgogodla) ukuhlola amaseli we-leukemia ku-fluid fluid

Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa futhi ukubheka ushintsho ku-DNA ngaphakathi kwamaseli amhlophe angajwayelekile. Izinguquko ezithile ze-DNA zinganquma ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani (ukubikezela), nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokwelashwa olunconywayo.

Inhloso yokuqala yokwelashwa ukuthola ukubalwa kwegazi kubuyele kokujwayelekile. Uma lokhu kwenzeka futhi umnkantsha ubukeka uphilile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu, umdlavuza kuthiwa usuthethelelweni.

I-Chemotherapy ukwelashwa kokuqala okuzanywa ngenhloso yokuthola ukuxolelwa.

• Umuntu kungadingeka ukuthi ahlale esibhedlela ukuze athole i-chemotherapy. Noma inganikezwa emtholampilo bese umuntu egoduka ngemuva kwalokho.
• I-Chemotherapy inikezwa emithanjeni (nge-IV) futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibe kuluketshezi oluzungeze ubuchopho (uketshezi lomgogodla).

Ngemuva kokuthola ukuxolelwa, kunikezwa ukwelashwa okwengeziwe ukufeza ikhambi. Le ndlela yokwelashwa ingafaka phakathi i-IV chemotherapy noma imisebe ebuchosheni. I-stem cell noma, umnkantsha wethambo, ukufakelwa komunye umuntu nakho kungenziwa. Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kuncike ku:

• Iminyaka nempilo yomuntu
• Izinguquko zofuzo kumaseli we-leukemia
• Zingaki izifundo zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ezithathe ukufeza ukuxolelwa
• Uma kusatholakala amangqamuzana angajwayelekile ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
• Ukutholakala kwabanikeli ngokufakelwa kwe-stem cell

Wena nomhlinzeki wakho kungadingeka ukuthi niphathe okunye ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-leukemia, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuba ne-chemotherapy ekhaya
• Ukuphatha izilwane ezifuywayo ngesikhathi se-chemotherapy
• Izinkinga zokopha
• Umlomo owomile
• Ukudla amakhalori anele
• Ukudla okuphephile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Labo abasabela ekwelashweni ngokushesha bavame ukwenza kangcono. Iningi lezingane ezinabo BONKE zingelashwa. Izingane zivame ukuba nomphumela ongcono kunabantu abadala.

Kokubili i-leukemia uqobo kanye nokwelashwa kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi njengokuphuma kwegazi, ukwehla kwesisindo, kanye nokutheleleka.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma ingane yakho niba nezimpawu ZONKE.

Ubungozi bokwenza KONKE bungancishiswa ngokugwema ukuxhumana nobuthi obuthile, imisebe, namakhemikhali.

BONKE; I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphoblastic; I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphoid; I-leukemia ebuntwaneni; Umdlavuza - i-acute ebuntwaneni leukemia (BONKE); Umdlavuza wegazi - ubuntwana obukhulu (BONKE); I-leukemia ye-lymphocytic enamandla

• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo - ukukhipha
• Ukudla ama-calories amaningi lapho ugula - abantu abadala
• Imisebe yomlomo nentamo - ukukhipha
• I-Oral mucositis - ukuzinakekela
• Lapho unesicanucanu nokuhlanza

• Ukufiswa komnkantsha wethambo
• I-acute lymphocytic leukemia - i-photomicrograph
• Izinduku ze-Auer
• Umnkantsha wamathambo kusuka enqulwini
• Izakhiwo zesistimu yomzimba

UCarroll WL, uBhatla T. I-leukemia enamandla ye-lymphoblastic. Ku: Lanzkowsky P, Lipton JM, Fish JD, eds. Incwadi kaLanzkowsky yePediatric Hematology ne-Oncology. Umhlaka 6. ICambridge, MA: I-Elsevier Academic Press; 2016: isahluko 18.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwabantu abadala i-lymphoblastic leukemia treatment (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/ultreatment-all-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uJanuwari 22, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 13, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe uFebhuwari 6, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 13, 2020.

Iwebhusayithi ye-National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Imikhombandlela ye-NCCN yokwenza imitholampilo ku-oncology: acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Inguqulo 4.2017. www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/all.pdf. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 15, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 13, 2020.