I-Amelanotic Melanoma

-Delile

• Izimpawu
• Izimbangela nezici zobungozi
• Ukwelashwa
• Ukuvimbela
• Isikhathi sokuphila nokubikezela
• Izinkinga nombono

Ukubuka konke

I-Amelanotic melanoma wuhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba ongavezi izinguquko kwi-melanin yakho. I-Melanin iyi-pigment enikeza isikhumba sakho umbala waso.

Ushintsho kumbala wakho we-melanin lungakhombisa ukuthi i-melanoma iyakhula esikhunjeni sakho. Nge-melanoma ye-amelanotic, akuhlali kukhona ushintsho lombala olubonakalayo endaweni lapho kwakhiwa khona i-melanoma. Indawo lapho ithuthuka khona kungenzeka ibe umbala obomvana noma obomvana. Indawo kungenzeka ingabi nawo nhlobo umbala kuyo. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-melanoma ye-amelanotic ingahlangana ngaphandle komthungo nesikhumba sakho sonke.

Kulula ukuphuthelwa lolu hlobo lwe-melanoma ngenxa yokungabi bikho kombala. Ukwazi ukuthi ungayibona kanjani i-amelanotic melanoma kungasiza ekuvimbeleni i-melanoma ekuthuthukiseni okunye.

Izimpawu

I-melanoma ye-Amelanotic ibonakala kakhulu ngokubukeka kwayo okubomvu, okupinki, noma okucishe kungenambala. Ungabona isiqeshana sesikhumba esingajwayelekile kepha hhayi umbala ojwayelekile onsundu omnyama noma omnyama ovame ukukhombisa i-melanoma.

Esinye sezibonakaliso ezisobala kakhulu ze-amelanotic melanoma (nezinye izinhlobo ze-melanoma) ukuvela kwayo okungazelelwe emzimbeni wakho lapho bekungekho ngaphambili. Izindawo ze-melanoma nazo zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi nazo zingashintsha ukwakheka okukhulu.

Ngokuvamile, khumbula izinhlamvu ze-ABCDE ngenkathi ubheka ama-moles noma ukukhula okungajwayelekile esikhunjeni sakho ukuze ubone ukuthi kungaba yini i-melanoma. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuphumelela kakhulu kwi-melanoma enombala noma okulula ukuyibona, kepha eziningana zalezi zindlela zingakusiza ukuthi ubone i-melanoma ye-amelanotic, futhi.

• Aumumo ohambisanayo: Izimvukuzane ezibonisa i-melanoma ngokuvamile zinamahafu amabili angalingani, umumo noma iphethini efanayo.
• Bukuhleleka: Izimvukuzane ezibonisa i-melanoma ngokuvamile azinawo umngcele ohlukile phakathi kwendawo yemvukuzane nesikhumba esizungezile.
• Cama-hanges ngombala: Izimvukuzane ezibonisa i-melanoma zivame ukushintsha umbala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izimvukuzane ezingenabungozi zivame ukuba umbala owodwa oqinile, njengombala onsundu.
• UDiameter: Izimvukuzane ezibonisa i-melanoma ngokuvamile ziba cishe ikota ye-intshi (amamilimitha ayisithupha) ngosayizi futhi zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Evolving: Izimvukuzane ezibonisa i-melanoma zivame ukushintsha usayizi, ukuma, nombala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lapho imvukuzane isolisa, kufanele ufune usizo kodokotela bakho. Bangakudlulisela kudokotela wesikhumba, onguchwepheshe wesikhumba. Udokotela wesikhumba angenza i-biopsy yemvukuzane ukuze aqinisekise noma akhiphe ubukhona be-melanoma.

Izimbangela nezici zobungozi

I-Melanoma yenzeka lapho i-DNA kumaseli akho esikhumba ilimala. Lapho isikhumba se-DNA sonakele, amangqamuzana esikhumba angakhula angalawuleki futhi abe nomdlavuza. Odokotela abaqiniseki ukuthi i-DNA yesikhumba eyonakele iphenduka kanjani i-melanoma. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba wakho kungenzeka.

Ukuvezwa yimisebe ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni isikhathi eside kungalimaza amangqamuzana akho esikhumba. Lo monakalo wandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa zonke izinhlobo ze-melanoma. Ukuvezwa yilanga kungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi uma uzwela noma uxabana nelanga futhi uthola amachaphazelo noma ukushiswa yilanga kalula.

Ukushuka njalo kumasaluni okushuka, imibhede, noma izindawo zokugeza ngenkathi usemncane kuneminyaka engama-30 nakho kwandisa ubungozi be-melanoma. Ingozi yakho iyanda uma ulele embhedeni wokushuka imizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi.

Ukuba nenani eliphansi le-melanin esikhunjeni sakho kungakhuphula ubungozi bakho, futhi. Ukuba odabuka e-Yurobhu noma ukuba ne-albinism (akukho sakhi esikhunjeni esikhunjeni sakho) yizinto ezimbili eziyingozi engozini ye-melanoma. Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-melanoma nakho kungandisa ubungozi bakho.

Ezinye izici ezivamile zobungozi zifaka:

• ukuba nezimvukuzane eziningi emzimbeni wakho, ikakhulukazi ama-50 noma ngaphezulu
• ukuba namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka avela esimweni esivele sikhona noma kokuhlinzwa kwamuva

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa okuvame kakhulu kwe-melanoma esezingeni lokuqala ukuhlinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzosusa indawo ethinteke yi-melanoma futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube isikhumba esiseduze nayo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kuvame ukushesha futhi kungenziwa ngosuku olulodwa ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi eside esibhedlela.

I-Melanoma ingasakazeka kuma-lymph node akho. Lezi yizakhiwo ezincane emzimbeni wakho wonke ezigcina amaseli omzimba futhi zisiza ukusula izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni wakho. Ungadinga ukuthi ama-lymph node akho asuswe kanye ne-melanoma uma lokhu kwenzeka.

I-melanoma ethuthukile ingadinga ukuphathwa nge-chemotherapy. Ku-chemotherapy, unikezwa izidakamizwa ngomlomo noma ngemithambo yakho ukusiza ukuqeda amaseli anomdlavuza. Ungadinga futhi ukwelashwa ngemisebe. Ekwelashweni ngemisebe, amandla emisebe agxile ngqo kubhekiswe kumaseli akho anomdlavuza bese ewabulala.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile ze-melanoma zifaka:

• ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji, noma izidakamizwa ezisiza amasosha akho omzimba ekubulaleni amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kufaka phakathi i-pembrolizumab (Keytruda) ne-ipilimumab (Yervoy)
• ukwelashwa okuqondisiwe, noma imishanguzo esiza ekunciphiseni amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kufaka phakathi i-trametinib (iMekinist) ne-vemurafenib (iZelboraf)

Ukuvimbela

Nawa amathiphu ambalwa wokuvimbela i-melanoma ye-amelanotic:

• Faka i-sunscreen njalo uma uphumela ngaphandle imizuzu engama-30 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlela ukuba selangeni eliqondile.
• Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamafu. Imisebe ye-UV isengadlula emafwini.
• Gqoka izingubo ezivikela izingalo nemilenze yakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlela ukuba ngaphandle isikhashana.
• Gwema ukushuda amasaluni noma imibhede.

Hlola umzimba wakho wonke kaningi ukuthola noma yiziphi izimvukuzane ezintsha. Okungenani kanye ngenyanga, funa izindawo zesikhumba ezibukeka ziqoshwe ngokungajwayelekile, zinemibala, noma zimiswe kusetshenziswa uhlolo lwe-ABCDE. Ama-melanomas e-Amelanotic angakwazi ukusabalalisa (asakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho) ngokushesha okukhulu kunezinye izinhlobo ze-melanoma.

Isikhathi sokuphila nokubikezela

Isigaba sokuqala (isigaba 1, ezigabeni ezine ezingaba khona) i-amelanotic melanoma kulula ukuyelapha kune-melanoma esithuthuke kakhulu. Uma uwuthola kusenesikhathi, kungenzeka ukuthi uwelaphe umdlavuza bese uqhubeka nokuphila ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Kungenzeka ukuthi umdlavuza ubuye noma kuvele enye indawo ye-melanoma.

I-Melanoma ingaba nzima ukuyelapha njengoba iqhubeka. Ungadinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze ususe ngokuphelele umdlavuza emzimbeni wakho. Ungaba namathuba angaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-50 okululama ngokugcwele njengoba i-melanoma iqhubekela phambili ezigabeni 2 no-3. Amathuba akho okululama ngokugcwele angahle abe ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 njengoba i-melanoma iqhubekela esigabeni sesi-4 futhi isakazeka.

Izinkinga nombono

Isigaba sokuqala se-amelanotic melanoma asibi kakhulu futhi singelashwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Njengoba i-melanoma iqhubeka, izinkinga zingaba nzima kakhulu futhi zibe nzima ukwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma umdlavuza usakazeka ezithweni zakho zangaphakathi. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nokwelashwa ngemisebe kungakwenza uzizwe ucanuzelelwa inhliziyo futhi ukhathele. I-melanoma engalashwa ingabulala.

Ukubamba i-melanoma kusaqala kungavimbela noma yikuphi ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi kukuvumele uqhubeke nokuphila impilo yakho ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Gcina umbhalo walokho usayizi nokukhula kwanoma yiziphi izimvukuzane ezisemzimbeni wakho bese ubona udokotela wakho akusize ukhombe i-melanoma kusenesikhathi.