I-Botulism

IBotulism yisifo esingajwayelekile kodwa esibi esibangelwa IClostridium botulinum amagciwane. Amagciwane angangena emzimbeni ngamanxeba, noma ngokuwadla kusuka ekudleni okusemathinini okungalungile noma okulondoloziwe.

IClostridium botulinum itholakala emhlabathini nasemanzini angalashwa emhlabeni wonke. Ikhiqiza izinhlamvu eziphila ekudleni okungalondoloziwe kahle noma okusemathinini, lapho zikhiqiza ubuthi.Uma udliwe, noma ngabe amanani amancane alobu buthi angaholela yini kubuthi obukhulu. Ukudla okungangcoliswa yimifino ekheniwe ekhaya, ingulube elulwayo ne-ham, inhlanzi ebhemayo noma eluhlaza, noju noma isiraphu yommbila, amazambane abhakiwe aphekwe ku-foil, ujusi wesanqante nogalikhi oqoshiwe emafutheni.

I-botulism yezinsana yenzeka lapho ingane idla izinhlamvu futhi amabhaktheriya akhula emgodini wamathumbu wengane. Isizathu esivame kakhulu se-botulism yezinsana ukudla uju noma isiraphu yommbila noma ukusebenzisa ama-pacifiers afakwe uju olungcolisiwe.

IClostridium botulinum ingatholakala ngokujwayelekile esitokisini sezinye izinsana. Izinsana ziba ne-botulism lapho amagciwane ekhula emathunjini awo.

I-Botulism nayo ingenzeka uma amagciwane engena emanxebeni avulekile futhi akhiqize ubuthi lapho.

Cishe izigameko eziyi-110 ze-botulism zenzeka e-United States unyaka nonyaka. Amacala amaningi asezinsaneni.

Izimpawu zivame ukuvela emahoreni angu-8 kuye kwangama-36 ngemuva kokudla ukudla okune-toxin. AKUKHONA umkhuhlane onalesi sifo.

Kubantu abadala, izimpawu zingafaka:

• Amajaqamba esiswini
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula obungaholela ekwehlulekeni kokuphefumula
• Kunzima ukugwinya nokukhuluma
• Umbono ophindwe kabili
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuhlanza
• Ubuthakathaka bokukhubazeka (okulingana ezinhlangothini zombili zomzimba)

Izimpawu ezinganeni zingabandakanya:

• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ukumunca amathe
• Ukondla okungafanele nokuncela okuntekenteke
• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula
• Ukukhala okubuthakathaka
• Ubuthakathaka, ukulahleka kwethoni yemisipha

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Kungaba nezimpawu ze:

• Ama-reflexes we-tendon angekho noma anciphile
• I-gag reflex engekho noma eyehlisiwe
• Ijwabu lehla
• Ukulahleka kwemisipha, ukuqala phezulu komzimba nokuya phansi
• Amathumbu akhubazekile
• Ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo
• Ukugcinwa komchamo ngokwehluleka ukuchama
• Ukubona okufiphele
• Awukho umkhuhlane

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukukhomba ubuthi. Isiko lesitulo nalo linga-odwa. Ukuhlolwa kwelab kungenziwa ekudleni okusolwayo ukuqinisekisa i-botulism.

Uzodinga umuthi wokulwa nobuthi obukhiqizwa amagciwane. Umuthi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-botulinus antitoxin.

Kuzofanele uhlale esibhedlela uma unenkinga yokuphefumula. Ishubhu lingafakwa ngamakhala noma ngomlomo ku-windpipe ukuhlinzeka umoya womoya-mpilo. Ungadinga umshini wokuphefumula.

Abantu abanenkinga yokugwinya banganikezwa uketshezi ngomthambo (ngo-IV). Kungafakwa ithubhu yokudla.

Abahlinzeki kumele batshele iziphathimandla zezempilo zombuso noma i-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ngabantu abane-botulism, ukuze ukudla okungcolile kususwe ezitolo.

Abanye abantu banikezwa ama-antibiotic, kepha kungenzeka bangasizi njalo.

Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokufa.

Izinkinga zempilo ezingabangelwa i-botulism zifaka:

• Ukuphefumula i-pneumonia nokutheleleka
• Ubuthakathaka obuhlala isikhathi eside
• Izinkinga zesistimu yezinzwa kuze kube unyaka ongu-1
• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma usola ukuthi i-botulism.

UNGAZE unikeze uju noma isiraphu yommbila ezinganeni ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala - hhayi nje ukunambitheka okuncane ku-pacifier.

Vimbela i-botulism yezinsana ngokuncelisa ibele kuphela, uma kungenzeka.

Hlala ulahla amathini amakhulu noma ukudla okulondoloziwe okunephunga elibi. Ukuhlanzisisa ukudla okusemathinini ekhaya ngokucindezelwa ukupheka ku-250 ° F (121 ° C) imizuzu engama-30 kunganciphisa ubungozi be-botulism. Vakashela iwebsite yeCenters for Disease Control and Prevention ukuze uthole eminye imininingwane ngokuphepha kokufaka amathini emakhaya ku-www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/communication/home-canning-and-botulism.html.

Gcina amazambane aboshwe nge-foil eshisayo noma esiqandisini, hhayi ekamelweni lokushisa. Amafutha anegalikhi noma amanye amakhambi kufanele futhi afakwe esiqandisini njengoba kufanele ijusi lesanqante. Qinisekisa ukusetha ukushisa kwesiqandisini ku-50 ° F (10 ° C) noma ngaphansi.

I-botulism yezinsana

• Amagciwane

I-Birch TB, iBleck TP. I-botulism (IClostridium botulinum). Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 245.

UNorton LE, uSchleiss MR. I-botulism (IClostridium botulinum). Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 237.