I-Meningitis

I-Meningitis ukutheleleka kolwelwesi olumboze ubuchopho nomgogodla. Le ngubo ibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges.

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ze-meningitis ukutheleleka ngegciwane. Lezi zifo zivame ukuba ngcono ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kepha, ukutheleleka nge-bacterial meningitis kubucayi kakhulu. Kungadala ukufa noma ukulimala kobuchopho, noma ngabe kwelashwa.

I-meningitis nayo ingabangelwa:

• Ukucasuka kwamakhemikhali
• Ukungezwani nezidakamizwa
• Isikhunta
• Izimuncagazi
• Izimila

Izinhlobo eziningi zamagciwane zingadala i-meningitis:

• Ama-Enteroviruses: Lawa ngama-virus nawo angadala ukugula kwamathumbu.
• Amagciwane e-Herpes: Lawa ma-virus afanayo angadala izilonda ezibandayo kanye ne-herpes yesitho sangasese. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanezilonda ezibandayo noma i-herpes yesitho sangasese abanalo ithuba eliphakeme lokuthuthukisa i-herpes meningitis.
• Izimpumputhe namagciwane e-HIV.
• Igciwane le-West Nile: Leli gciwane lisakazwa ukulunywa omiyane futhi liyimbangela ebalulekile ye-virus ye-meningitis ezindaweni eziningi e-United States.

I-Enteroviral meningitis ivela kaningi kune-meningitis yebhaktheriya futhi inamandla. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla kokuqala. Imvamisa kuthinta izingane nabantu abadala abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30. Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Umkhuhlane omncane
• Ukucasula isisu nohudo
• Ukukhathala

I-bacterial meningitis yisimo esiphuthumayo. Uzodinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha esibhedlela. Izimpawu zivame ukufika ngokushesha, futhi zingafaka:

• Umkhuhlane namakhaza
• Izimo zengqondo ziyashintsha
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Intamo eqinile

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka ngalesi sifo:

• Ukuyaluza
• Ama-fontanelles aqhamukayo ezinganeni
• Ukwehla kokuqapha
• Ukungondli kahle noma ukucasuka ezinganeni
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ukuma okungavamile, nekhanda nentamo kuguqulwe emuva (opisthotonos)

Awukwazi ukusho ukuthi une-bacterial or viral meningitis ngendlela ozizwa ngayo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo kumele athole imbangela. Iya emnyangweni ophuthumayo esibhedlela ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-meningitis.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzokuhlola. Lokhu kungakhombisa:

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Imfiva
• Izimo zengqondo ziyashintsha
• Intamo eqinile

Uma umhlinzeki ecabanga ukuthi une-meningitis, ukubhoboza i-lumbar (umpompi womgogodla) kufanele kwenziwe ukususa isampula loketshezi lomgogodla (i-cerebrospinal fluid, noma i-CSF) ukuze kuhlolwe.

Olunye uvivinyo olungenziwa lubandakanya:

• Isiko legazi
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-CT scan yekhanda

Ama-antibiotic asetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-bacterial meningitis. Imithi elwa namagciwane ayiyelaphi i-virus ye-meningitis. Kodwa umuthi we-antiviral unganikezwa labo abane-herpes meningitis.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zizobandakanya:

• Uketshezi ngomthambo (IV)
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu, njengokuvuvukala kobuchopho, ukushaqeka nokuquleka

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kwe-bacterial meningitis kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukulimala unomphela kwezinzwa. I-Virus meningitis imvamisa ayisiyingozi, futhi izimpawu kufanele zinyamalale kungakapheli amasonto ama-2 ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo.

Ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngokushesha, i-meningitis ingaholela kokulandelayo:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi phakathi kogebhezi nobuchopho (ukungcola komhlaba)
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa
• Ukwakhiwa koketshezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi okuholela ekuvuvukeni kobuchopho (i-hydrocephalus)
• Ukuquleka
• Ukufa

Uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ingane yakho unezimpawu ze-meningitis, thola usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo somphumela omuhle.

Imithi yokugoma ethile ingasiza ukuvikela ezinye izinhlobo ze-bacterial meningitis:

• Umuthi wokugoma we-Haemophilus (umuthi wokugomela we-HiB) onikezwa izingane uyasiza
• Umuthi wokugoma we-pneumococcal unikezwa izingane nabantu abadala
• Umuthi wokugoma we-Meningococcal unikezwa izingane nabantu abadala; eminye imiphakathi iba nemikhankaso yokugoma ngemuva kokuqubuka kwe-meningococcal meningitis.

Amalungu omndeni nabanye abasondelene kakhulu nabantu abane-meningococcal meningitis kufanele bathole ama-antibiotic ukuvikela ukutheleleka.

I-meningitis - igciwane; Meningitis - igciwane; Meningitis - ukhunta; I-meningitis - umgomo

• I-Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - ukukhipha

• Isibonakaliso sikaBrudzinski se-meningitis
• Isibonakaliso sikaKernig se-meningitis
• Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar (umpompi womgogodla)
• Amamenyu wobuchopho
• Amadoda omgogodla
• Umzimba we-Haemophilus influenzae

UHasbun R, uVan de Beek D, uBrouwer MC, uTunkel AR. I-meningitis enamandla. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 87.

UNath A. Meningitis: ibhaktheriya, igciwane nokunye. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 384.