9 Izimpawu ze-Anorexia Nervosa

-Delile

• 1. Ukuthengisela ukulawulwa kwesisindo
• 2. Ukuqaphela Ngokudla, Amakholori Nedayethi
• 3. Izinguquko ku-Mood ne-Emotional State
• 4. Umzimba Ohlanekezelwe
• 5. Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile
• 6.Ukuphikwa Yindlala Nokwenqaba Ukudla
• 7. Ukwenza Imikhuba Yokudla
• 8. Ukuphuza Utshwala Noma Izidakamizwa
• 9. Ukwehlisa umzimba ngokweqile
• Izimpawu Zomzimba Ezingahle Zithuthuke Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Okusemqoka

I-Anorexia nervosa, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-anorexia, yisifo esibi sokudla lapho umuntu esebenzisa izindlela ezingenampilo nezedlulele zokwehlisa isisindo noma ukugwema ukukhuluphala.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo: uhlobo olukhawulelayo nokudla ngokweqile / uhlobo lokuhlanza.

Labo abane-anorexia evimbelayo balawula isisindo sabo ngokubeka imingcele ekudleni kwabo, kuyilapho labo abadla ngokweqile / behlanza i-anorexia bexosha abakudlile ngokuhlanza noma ngokusebenzisa imishanguzo efana ne-laxatives kanye ne-diuretics.

Izici eziyinkimbinkimbi zinomthelela ekuthuthukiseni i-anorexia. Izizathu zokuthuthukisa i-anorexia zingahluka kumuntu ngamunye futhi zingafaka izakhi zofuzo, ukuhlukumezeka okudlule, ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo njengokukhathazeka nokudangala.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuthola i-anorexia bahlanganisa abesifazane eminyakeni yabo yobusha nasebekhulile, yize abesilisa nabesifazane asebekhulile nabo besengozini (,).

I-Anorexia imvamisa ayitholakali ngokushesha ngoba abantu abanenkinga yokudla abazi ukuthi bayayibona, ngakho-ke kungenzeka bangaluceli usizo ().

Kujwayelekile futhi ukuthi abantu abane-anorexia babekelwe eceleni futhi bangaxoxi ngemicabango yabo ngokudla noma ngomzimba, okwenza kube nzima kwabanye ukubona izimpawu.

Akukho sivivinyo esisodwa esingakhomba ukuphazamiseka, njengoba kunezici eziningi ezidinga ukucatshangelwa ukwenza ukuxilongwa okusemthethweni.

Nazi izimpawu nezimpawu ezi-9 ezijwayelekile ze-anorexia.

1. Ukuthengisela ukulawulwa kwesisindo

Ukuhlanza isici esivamile se-anorexia. Ukuziphatha kokuhlanza kufaka phakathi ukuhlanza okuzenzela wena kanye nokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithi ethile efana ne-laxatives noma i-diuretics. Kungafaka futhi ukusetshenziswa kwama-enemas.

Uhlobo lokudla ngokweqile / lokuhlanza i-anorexia lubonakala ngeziqephu zokudla ngokweqile okulandelwa ukuhlanza okuzenzela.

Ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu lama-laxatives kungenye indlela yokuhlanza. Le mithi ithathwa ngemizamo yokwehlisa ukumuncwa kokudla nokusheshisa ukuphuma kwesisu namathumbu.

Ngokufanayo, isisu sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukuchama nokunciphisa amanzi omzimba njengendlela yokwehlisa isisindo somzimba.

Ucwaningo oluhlola ukusabalala kokuzihlanza ezigulini ezinenkinga yokudla luthole ukuthi kufika kuma-86% asebenzise ukuhlanza okuzenzela, kuze kufike kuma-56% ahlukumeza laxatives kuze kufike kuma-49% okwehlisa isisu ().

Ukuhlanza kungaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zempilo ().

Ukuhlanza kuwumkhuba wokuzihlanza ngokwakho noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile ukunciphisa ama-calories, ukugwema ukumuncwa kokudla bese wehlise isisindo.

2. Ukuqaphela Ngokudla, Amakholori Nedayethi

Ukukhathazeka njalo ngokudla kanye nokuqapha okuseduze kokudla kwekhalori kuyizici ezivamile ze-anorexia.

Abantu abane-anorexia bangarekhoda konke ukudla abakudlayo, kufaka phakathi amanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi, baze babambe ngekhanda okuqukethwe ikhalori lokudla.

Ukukhathazeka ngokuthola isisindo kunomthelela ekuthatheni ukudla. Labo abane-anorexia banganciphisa ukudla kwabo kwekhalori ngendlela ephawulekayo futhi bazijwayeze ukudla okweqile. Abanye bangasusa ukudla okuthile noma amaqembu okudla, njenge-carbohydrate noma amafutha, ekudleni kwabo.

Uma othile evimba ukudla isikhathi eside, kungaholela ekungondlekeni okukhulu nasekuntulekeni kwezakhi, okungaguqula imizwa futhi kukhulise nokuziphatha okweqile ngokudla (,).

Ukuncipha kokudla kungathinta namahomoni alawula inkanuko, njenge-insulin ne-leptin. Lokhu kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga zempilo njengokulahleka kwamathambo, kanye nezinkinga zokuzala, zengqondo nokukhula (,).

Ukukhathazeka ngokweqile ngokudla kuwuphawu lwe-anorexia. Imikhuba ingafaka ukufaka ukungena ngemvume kokudla nokususa amaqembu athile okudla ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi lokho kudla kungakhuphula isisindo.

3. Izinguquko ku-Mood ne-Emotional State

Abantu okutholakala ukuthi bane-anorexia bavame ukuba nezimpawu zezinye izimo futhi, kufaka phakathi ukudangala, ukukhathazeka, ukukhathazeka ngokweqile, ukuphelela kanye nokungafisi ().

Lezi zimpawu zingadala ukuthi labo abane-anorexia bangatholi injabulo ezintweni ezivamise ukujabulisa abanye ([15]).

Ukuzithiba ngokweqile nakho kuvamile ku-anorexia. Lesi sici siboniswa ngokuvimbela ukudla okudliwayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukwehla kwesisindo (,).

Futhi, abantu abane-anorexia bangazwela kakhulu ekugxekweni, ukwehluleka namaphutha ().

Ukungalingani kwamanye amahomoni, njenge-serotonin, i-dopamine, i-oxytocin, i-cortisol ne-leptin, kungachaza ezinye zalezi zici kulabo abane-anorexia (,).

Njengoba la mahomoni alawula imizwa, isifiso sokudla, ukugqugquzela nokuziphatha, amazinga angajwayelekile angaholela ekushintsheni kwemizwelo, isifiso sokudla esingajwayelekile, isimilo sokujaha, ukukhathazeka nokudangala (,,,).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunciphisa ukudla ongakuthola kungaholela ekusweleni kwezakhamzimba ezithintekayo ekulawulweni kwemizwa ().

Ukushintsha kwemizwelo nezimpawu zokukhathazeka, ukudangala, ukuphelela kanye nokungafisi kutholakala kakhulu kubantu abane-anorexia. Lezi zici zingabangelwa ukungalingani kwamahomoni noma ukushoda kwezakhi.

4. Umzimba Ohlanekezelwe

Isimo somzimba nokuheha yizinto ezibakhathaza kakhulu abantu abane-anorexia ().

Umqondo wesithombe somzimba uhilela umbono womuntu ngosayizi womzimba wakhe nokuthi uzizwa kanjani ngomzimba wakhe ().

I-Anorexia ibonakala ngokuba nomzimba ongemuhle nemizwa engemihle ngakuye uqobo ().

Kwesinye isifundo, ababambiqhaza bakhombise ukungaqondi kahle ngokuma komzimba nokubukeka kwabo. Baphinde bakhombisa idrayivu ephezulu yokuncipha ().

Isici esidala se-anorexia sifaka ukulinganiselwa kukasayizi womzimba ngokweqile, noma umuntu ocabanga ukuthi makhulu kunalokho ayikho ngempela [[29], [30]).

Olunye ucwaningo luphenye lo mqondo kubantu abangama-25 abane-anorexia ngokubenza bahlulele ukuthi ngabe babakhulu kakhulu ukuthi bangadlula ekuvulekeni okufana nomnyango.

Labo abane-anorexia bakhulise kakhulu ubukhulu bomzimba wabo, uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo ().

Ukuhlolwa komzimba okuphindiwe kungesinye isici se-anorexia. Izibonelo zalokhu kuziphatha zifaka ukuzibheka esibukweni, ukuhlola ukukalwa komzimba nokuncina amanoni ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba wakho ().

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kungakhuphula ukungagculiseki komzimba nokukhathazeka, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvinjelwa kokudla kubantu abane-anorexia (,).

Ngokwengeziwe, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ezemidlalo lapho kugxilwa khona isisindo nobuhle kungakhulisa ubungozi be-anorexia kubantu abasengozini ([34], [35]).

I-Anorexia ifaka umbono oshintshiwe womzimba kanye ne-overestimation yobukhulu bomzimba. Ngokwengeziwe, umkhuba wokuhlola umzimba ukhuphula ukungagculiseki komzimba futhi kukhuthaze indlela yokuziphatha ekhawulela ekudleni.

5. Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile

Labo abane-anorexia, ikakhulukazi labo abanohlobo lokuvimbela, bavame ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile ukunciphisa umzimba ().

Eqinisweni, isifundo esisodwa kubahlanganyeli abangu-165 sikhombisile ukuthi ama-45% alabo abanenkinga yokudla nabo basebenzise inani eleqile.

Phakathi kwaleli qembu, lithole ukuthi ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kuvame kakhulu kulabo abanemikhawulo (80%) nokudla ngokweqile / ukuhlanza (43%) izinhlobo ze-anorexia ().

Entsheni enezinkinga zokudla, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kubonakala kujwayelekile kakhulu kwabesifazane kunabesilisa ().

Abanye abantu abane-anorexia nabo bazizwa benomuzwa wecala elikhulu lapho ukuqeqeshwa kungaphuthelwa (,).

Ukuhamba, ukuma nokuzulazula kaningi ngezinye izinhlobo zomsebenzi womzimba ovame ukubonwa ku-anorexia ().

Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kuvame ukubakhona ngokuhambisana namazinga aphezulu wokukhathazeka, ukudana kanye nobuntu obungaziphathi nokuziphatha (,).

Okokugcina, kubonakala sengathi amazinga aphansi we-leptin atholakala kubantu abane-anorexia angakhuphula ukungasebenzi kahle nokungazinzi (,).

Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kuyisifo esivamile se-anorexia, futhi abantu abane-anorexia bangazizwa benecala kakhulu uma belahlekelwa ukuzivocavoca.

6.Ukuphikwa Yindlala Nokwenqaba Ukudla

Amaphethini okudla angajwayelekile namazinga aphansi esifiso sokudla okuyizimpawu ezibalulekile ze-anorexia.

Uhlobo olukhawulelwe lwe-anorexia lubonakala ngokwenqaba njalo indlala nokwenqaba ukudla.

Kunezici eziningana ezingaba nomthelela kulokhu kuziphatha.

Okokuqala, ukungalingani kwamahomoni kungacasula abantu abane-anorexia ukuthi bahlale benokwesaba okuqhubekayo kokuthola isisindo, okuholela ekwenqabeni ukudla.

I-Estrogen ne-oxytocin ngamahomoni amabili abandakanyeka ekulawuleni ukwesaba.

Amazinga aphansi ala mahomoni atholakala kubantu abane-anorexia angenza kube nzima ukunqoba ukwesaba okuqhubekayo kokudla namafutha (,,).

Ukungahambi kahle kwendlala nokugcwala kwamahomoni, njenge-cortisol ne-peptide YY, kungaba nomthelela ekugwemeni ukudla (,).

Abantu abane-anorexia bangathola ukulahleka kwesisindo kujabulisa kakhulu kunokudla, okungabenza bafune ukuqhubeka nokukhawulela ukudla (,,).

Ukwesaba okungapheli kokuthola isisindo kungadala ukuthi abantu abane-anorexia benqabe ukudla futhi baphike nendlala. Futhi, inani eliphansi lomvuzo wokudla lingaholela ekutheni banciphise ukuqhubeka kokudla kwabo.

7. Ukwenza Imikhuba Yokudla

Ukuziphatha ngokweqile ngokudla nesisindo kuvame ukudala imikhuba yokudla egxile kokulawula ().

Ukuzibandakanya kumasiko anjalo kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka, kulethe induduzo futhi kuveze umqondo wokulawula ().

Eminye yemikhuba yokudla ejwayelekile ebonwa ku-anorexia ifaka:

• Ukudla ukudla ngendlela ethile
• Ukudla kancane nokuhlafuna ngokweqile
• Ukuhlela ukudla epuletini ngendlela ethile
• Ukudla ukudla ngasikhathi sinye nsuku zonke
• Ukusika ukudla kube yizicucu ezincane
• Ukukala, ukukala nokuhlola ubukhulu bezingxenye zokudla
• Ukubala ama-calories ngaphambi kokudla ukudla
• Ukudla kuphela ezindaweni ezithile

Abantu abane-anorexia bangabuka ukuphambuka kulezi zinkambiso njengokuhluleka nokwehluleka ukuzibamba ().

I-anorexia ingaholela emikhubeni ehlukahlukene yokudla engaletha umuzwa wokulawula futhi yehlise ukukhathazeka okuvame ukubangelwa ukudla.

8. Ukuphuza Utshwala Noma Izidakamizwa

Kwezinye izimo, i-anorexia ingaholela ekusetshenzisweni okungapheli kotshwala, imithi ethile namaphilisi okudla.

Utshwala bungasetshenziselwa ukucindezela isifiso sokudla futhi ubhekane nokukhathazeka nengcindezi.

Labo abadla / bahlanza ngokweqile bangamathuba aphindwe kayi-18 okusebenzisa kabi utshwala nezidakamizwa kunohlobo olukhawulelayo (,,).

Kwabanye, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala nakho kungalandelwa ukwehliswa okukhulu kokudla ukuze kunxeshezelwe amakhalori adliwe ngokuphuza ().

Ukuhlukunyezwa kweminye imishanguzo, okubandakanya ama-amphetamine, i-caffeine noma i-ephedrine, kuvamile ngohlobo lokuvimbela, njengoba lezi zinto zinganciphisa isifiso sokudla, zikhuphule imetabolism futhi zikhuthaze ukwehla kwesisindo ngokushesha ().

Ukuvinjelwa kokudla kanye nokwehlisa isisindo ngokushesha kungathinta ubuchopho ngezindlela ezingakhuphula isifiso sezidakamizwa (,).

Ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa isikhathi eside kuhlangene nokuncipha kokudla kungadala ukungondleki futhi kubangele ezinye izinkinga zempilo.

I-Anorexia ingaholela ekusetshenzisweni kabi kotshwala nezidakamizwa ezithile ukusiza ukwehlisa ukudla noma ukwehlisa ukukhathazeka nokwesaba maqondana nokudla.

9. Ukwehlisa umzimba ngokweqile

Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokweqile kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko se-anorexia. Futhi kungenye yezinto eziphathelene kakhulu.

Ubukhulu be-anorexia buxhomeke ebangeni umuntu acindezela ngalo isisindo sabo. Ukucindezelwa kwesisindo umehluko phakathi kwesisindo somuntu esidlule kakhulu nesisindo sakhe samanje ().

Ucwaningo oluthile lukhombisile ukuthi ukucindezelwa kwesisindo kunezixhumanisi ezibalulekile zesisindo, ukukhathazeka komzimba, ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile, ukuvinjelwa kokudla nokusetshenziswa kwemithi yokulawula isisindo ().

Imihlahlandlela yokuxilongwa kwe-anorexia ibheka ukwehla kwesisindo njengokufanele uma isisindo somzimba samanje singu-15% ngaphansi kwesisindo esilindelwe salowo muntu wobudala nokuphakama, noma uma inkomba yomzimba (BMI) ingu-17.5 noma ngaphansi ().

Kodwa-ke, ukushintsha kwesisindo kumuntu kungaba nzima ukukubona futhi kungahle kunganele ukuthola i-anorexia. Ngakho-ke, zonke ezinye izimpawu nezimpawu kumele zicatshangelwe ukwenza isinqumo esinembile.

Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokweqile kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile se-anorexia, njengokuthi lapho isisindo somzimba sehla ngaphansi kwe-15% yesisindo esilindelekile somuntu obudala nobude, noma i-BMI yabo ingaphansi kuka-17.5.

Izimpawu Zomzimba Ezingahle Zithuthuke Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi

Izimpawu ezibalwe ngenhla zingaba yizinkomba zokuqala nezisobala ze-anorexia.

Kulabo abane-anorexia enzima kakhulu, izitho zomzimba zingathinteka futhi zibangele ezinye izimpawu, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukukhathala, ukuvilapha nobuthakathaka
• Ukwakhiwa komgodi ekuhlanzeni
• Isikhumba esomile nesiphuzi
• Isiyezi
• Ukuncipha kwamathambo
• Ukukhula kwezinwele ezinhle nezithambile ezimboze umzimba
• Izinwele eziphukile nezinzipho
• Ukwehla kwemisipha nobuthakathaka bemisipha
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi nokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukuqunjelwa okukhulu
• Ukuzizwa ubanda ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenxa yokwehla kwezinga lokushisa langaphakathi

Ngoba amathuba okululama okugcwele aphakeme ngokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, kubalulekile ukuthi ufune usizo ngokushesha lapho izimpawu zibonwa.

Ukukhula kwe-anorexia kungadala ushintsho oluningi futhi kuthinte cishe zonke izitho zomzimba. Izimpawu zingafaka ukukhathala, ukuqunjelwa, ukuzwa amakhaza, izinwele eziqhekekile nesikhumba esomile.

Okusemqoka

I-Anorexia nervosa yisifo sokudla esichazwa ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuhlanekezelwa kwesithombe somzimba kanye nomkhuba wezindlela zokwehlisa isisindo ngokweqile njengokuhlanza ukudla nokuvivinya umzimba ngokucindezela.

Nazi ezinye izinsiza nezindlela zokufuna usizo:

• I-National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA)
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sezempilo Yengqondo
• Inhlangano Kazwelonke Ye-Anorexia Nervosa kanye Nezinkinga Ezihlangene

Uma ukholwa ukuthi wena noma umngane noma ilungu lomndeni ningaba ne-anorexia, yazini ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi nilulame futhi usizo luyatholakala.

Inothi lomhleli: Le ngcezu yabikwa ekuqaleni ngo-Ephreli 1, 2018. Usuku lwayo lokushicilelwa lwamanje lukhombisa ukubuyekeza, okubandakanya ukubuyekezwa kwezokwelapha nguTimothy J. Legg, PhD, PsyD.