Ukuhoxiswa kotshwala

Ukuhoxiswa kotshwala kusho izimpawu ezingenzeka lapho umuntu obephuze kakhulu utshwala njalo ngokungazelelwe eyeka ukuphuza utshwala.

Ukuhoxiswa kotshwala kwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abadala. Kepha, kungenzeka kwentsha noma ezinganeni.

Lapho uphuza njalo, maningi amathuba okuthi ube nezimpawu zokuhoxiswa kotshwala lapho uyeka ukuphuza.

Ungaba nezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu zokuhoxa uma unezinye izinkinga ezithile zezokwelapha.

Izimpawu zokuhoxa kotshwala zivame ukwenzeka kungakapheli amahora ayi-8 ngemuva kokuphuza kokugcina, kepha kungenzeka ezinsukwini ezizayo. Izimpawu zivame ukuphakama ngamahora angama-24 kuya kwangu-72, kepha zingaqhubeka amasonto.

Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukukhathazeka noma ukwethuka
• Ukucindezeleka
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuthukuthela
• Ukugxuma noma ukuqhaqhazela
• Ukushintsha kwemizwelo
• Amaphupho amabi
• Ukungacabangi kahle

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukujuluka, isikhumba se-clammy
• Abafundi abakhulisiwe (abahluziwe)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuqwasha (ubunzima bokulala)
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Pallor
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukudlidlizela kwezandla noma ezinye izitho zomzimba

Uhlobo olunzima lokuhoxiswa kotshwala olubizwa nge-delirium tremens lungadala:

• Ukuyaluza
• Imfiva
• Ukubona noma ukuzwa izinto ezingekho (ukusangana)
• Ukuquleka
• Ukudideka okukhulu

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kungaveza:

• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungajwayelekile
• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Ukwehla emzimbeni (uketshezi olwanele emzimbeni)
• Imfiva
• Ukuphefumula ngokushesha
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Izandla ezinyakazayo

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo, kufaka phakathi isikrini sobuthi, kungenziwa.

Umgomo wezokwelapha uhlanganisa:

• Ukunciphisa izimpawu zokuhoxa
• Ukuvimbela izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukwelashwa ukuze uyeke ukuphuza (ukuziyeka)

UKWELASHWA KWESIGULI

Abantu abanezimpawu ezilinganiselwe kuya kwezinzima zokuhoxiswa kotshwala bangadinga ukwelashwa kweziguli esibhedlela noma kwenye indawo ephatha ukuhoxiswa kotshwala. Uzobhekwa ngokucophelela ukubona imibono nezinye izimpawu ze-delirium tremens.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukuqapha umfutho wegazi, ukushisa komzimba, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, namazinga egazi amakhemikhali ahlukene emzimbeni
• Uketshezi noma imithi enikezwa ngomthambo (ngu-IV)
• Ukuhlala usebenzisa imithi kuze kuphele ukuhoxiswa

UKWELASHWA KWESIGULI

Uma unezimpawu zokuhoxiswa kotshwala ngokulingene ukuya kokulingene, ungahle welashwe endaweni yokugula. Phakathi nale nqubo, uzodinga umuntu ongahlala naye akubheke. Kuzodingeka ukuthi uvakashele umhlinzeki wakho nsuku zonke uze uzinze.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukufaka:

• Izidakamizwa zokudambisa ukusiza ukunciphisa izimpawu zokuhoxa
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
• Ukwelulekwa ngeziguli nangokomndeni ukuze kuxoxwe ngodaba lwesikhathi eside lokuphuza ngokweqile
• Ukuhlolwa nokwelashwa kwezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha ezixhumene nokusetshenziswa kotshwala

Kubalulekile ukuya esimeni sokuphila esikusiza ekusekeleni ukuze uhlale usangulukile. Ezinye izindawo zinezinketho zezindlu ezihlinzeka ngendawo esekelayo kulabo abazama ukuhlala bengasanguluki.

Ukuphuza utshwala unomphela nokuphila impilo yonke kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelashwa kulabo asebeke bahoxa.

Lezi zinhlangano ezilandelayo ziyizinsizakusebenza ezinhle zokwaziswa ngotshwala:

• I-Alcoholics Engaziwa - www.aa.org
• Ama-Al-Anon Family Groups / Al-Anon / Alateen - al-anon.org
• I-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism - www.niaaa.nih.gov
• Ukuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo - www.samhsa.gov/atod/alcohol

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuncike enanini lokulimala komzimba nokuthi ngabe umuntu angayeka yini ukuphuza ngokuphelele. Ukuhoxiswa kotshwala kungahle kusuka ebangeni eliphansi nelingakhululekile ukuya esimweni esibi, esisongela impilo.

Izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kokulala, ushintsho olusheshayo kumzwelo, nokukhathala kungahlala izinyanga. Abantu abaqhubeka nokuphuza kakhulu bangaba nezinkinga zempilo ezifana nesifo sesibindi, senhliziyo nesesistimu yezinzwa.

Iningi labantu abahamba ngokuhoxiswa kotshwala bayalulama ngokugcwele. Kepha, ukufa kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ukuzamazama kwe-delirium.

Ukuhoxiswa kotshwala yisimo esibi kakhulu esingasongela impilo ngokushesha.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho noma uye egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usuye ekuphuzeni utshwala, ikakhulukazi uma ubusebenzisa utshwala kaningi futhi usanda kumiswa. Shayela i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho uma izimpawu ziqhubeka ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele inombolo yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma ngabe ukuquleka, umkhuhlane, ukudideka okukhulu, ukubona izinto ezingekho, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungafanele.

Uma uya esibhedlela ngesinye isizathu, tshela abahlinzeki uma ngabe uphuze kakhulu ukuze bakwazi ukukuqapha izimpawu zokukhishwa kotshwala.

Nciphisa noma ugweme utshwala. Uma unenkinga yokuphuza, kufanele uyeke ngokuphelele utshwala.

Ukukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni - utshwala; Detox - utshwala

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UKelly JF, uRenner JA. Izinkinga ezihlobene notshwala. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 26.

UMirijello A, D'Angelo C, uFerrulli A, et al. Ukukhonjwa nokuphathwa kwesifo sokuhoxiswa kotshwala. Izidakamizwa. 2015; 75 (4): 353-365. I-PMID: 25666543 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25666543.

O'Connor PG. Izinkinga zokusebenzisa utshwala. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 33.