Isigaxa sobuchopho - izingane

Isigaxa sobuchopho siyiqembu (isisindo) samaseli angajwayelekile akhula ebuchosheni.

Lo mbhalo ugxile kakhulu kwizicubu zobuchopho ezinganeni.

Imbangela yamathumba ayisisekelo obuchopho imvamisa ayaziwa. Ezinye izicubu zobuchopho eziyinhloko zihlotshaniswa namanye ama-syndromes noma zinomkhuba wokugijima emndenini:

• Hhayi umdlavuza (ubungozi)
• Iyahlasela (isakazekele ezindaweni eziseduze)
• Umdlavuza (omubi)

Izicubu zobuchopho zihlukaniswa ngokususelwa ku:

• Indawo eqondile yesimila
• Uhlobo lwezicubu ezihilelekile
• Noma ngabe kunomdlavuza

Izicubu zobuchopho zingabhubhisa ngqo amaseli obuchopho. Futhi zingalimaza ngokungaqondile amaseli ngokucindezela ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. Lokhu kuholela ukuvuvukala nokwanda kwengcindezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi.

Izimila zingenzeka noma kunini. Izimila eziningi zivame kakhulu eminyakeni ethile. Ngokuvamile, izicubu zobuchopho ezinganeni azivamile kakhulu.

IZINHLOBO ZESIFO ESIVAMILE

Ama-astrocytomas ngokuvamile awawona umdlavuza, izicubu ezikhula kancane. Zivame ukukhula ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-5 kuye kwengu-8.

AmaMedulloblastomas uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wobuchopho ebuntwaneni. Ama-medulloblastomas amaningi avela ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala eyi-10.

Ama-Ependymomas awuhlobo lwesimila sobuchopho ebuntwaneni esingaba nobungozi (esingelona umdlavuza) noma esibi (esinomdlavuza).Indawo nohlobo lwe-ependymoma lunquma uhlobo lwezokwelapha oludingekayo ukulawula isimila.

I-Brainstem gliomas yizicubu ezingavamile kakhulu ezenzeka cishe kuphela ezinganeni. Isilinganiso seminyaka abakhula ngaso sineminyaka engaba ngu-6. Isimila singakhula sibe sikhulu kakhulu ngaphambi kokubangela izimpawu.

Izimpawu zingase zibe ezicashile bese ziba zimbi kancane kancane, noma zivele ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuphathwa ikhanda ngokuvamile kuyisifo esivame kakhulu. Kepha kuyaqabukela nje ukuthi izingane ezinekhanda zibe nesimila. Amaphethini ekhanda angenzeka ngezicubu zobuchopho afaka:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obubi kakhulu lapho uvuka ekuseni bese uhamba kungakapheli amahora ambalwa
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda okuba kubi kakhulu ngokukhwehlela noma ukuzivocavoca umzimba, noma ngokushintsha kwesimo somzimba
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda okwenzeka ngenkathi ulele futhi okungenani unolunye uphawu njengokuhlanza noma ukudideka

Kwesinye isikhathi, okuwukuphela kwezimpawu zezimila zobuchopho ukushintsha kwengqondo, okungafaka:

• Izinguquko ebuntwini nasekuziphatheni
• Ayikwazi ukugxilisa ingqondo
• Ukwanda kokulala
• Ukulahleka kwememori
• Izinkinga ngokucabanga

Ezinye izimpawu ezingaba khona yilezi:

• Ukuhlanza njalo okungachazeki
• Ukwehla kancane kancane kokunyakaza noma umuzwa engalweni noma emlenzeni
• Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa ngesiyezi noma ngaphandle kwaso
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma
• Inkinga yombono engalindelekile (ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ngekhanda), kufaka phakathi ukulahleka kombono (imvamisa kombono wendlela) kwelinye noma womabili amehlo, noma umbono ophindwe kabili
• Izinkinga ngebhalansi
• Ubuthakathaka noma ukuba ndikindiki

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Izinsana zingaba nalezi zimpawu zomzimba ezilandelayo:

• I-fontanelle eqhuma
• Amehlo akhulisiwe
• Ayikho i-reflex ebomvu esweni
• I-reflex enhle yeBabinski
• Ama-suture ahlukanisiwe

Izingane ezindala ezinamathumba ebuchosheni zingaba nalezi zimpawu zomzimba noma izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukuhlanza
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Shintsha indlela ingane ehamba ngayo (ukuhamba)
• Ubuthakathaka besitho esithile somzimba
• Ukuthambekela kwekhanda

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungasetshenziselwa ukuthola isimila sobuchopho nokukhomba ukuthi sikuphi:

• I-CT scan yekhanda
• I-MRI yobuchopho
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Ukwelashwa kuya ngosayizi nohlobo lwesimila kanye nempilo ejwayelekile yengane. Izinhloso zokwelashwa kungaba ukwelapha isimila, ukuqeda izimpawu, nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kobuchopho noma ukunethezeka kwengane.

Ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka kwizicubu eziningi zobuchopho eziyinhloko. Ezinye izicubu zingasuswa ngokuphelele. Ezimweni lapho isimila singeke sisuswe, ukuhlinzwa kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingcindezi nasekunciphiseni izimpawu. I-Chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy ingasetshenziselwa izicubu ezithile.

Okulandelayo ukwelashwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zamathumba:

• I-Astrocytoma: Ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha isimila kuyindlela yokwelashwa eyinhloko. I-Chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy nayo ingadingeka.
• I-Brainstem gliomas: Ukuhlinzwa kungenzeka kungenzeki ngenxa yendawo yesimila ngaphakathi ebuchosheni. Imisebe isetshenziselwa ukunciphisa isimila futhi yandise impilo. Ngezinye izikhathi i-chemotherapy ehlosiwe ingasetshenziswa.
• I-Ependymomas: Ukwelashwa kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa. Imisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy kungadingeka.
• IMedulloblastomas: Ukuhlinzwa kukodwa akululaphi lolu hlobo lwesimila. I-Chemotherapy ene-radiation noma engenayo ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nokuhlinzwa.

Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izingane ezinezicubu eziyinhloko zobuchopho ifaka phakathi:

• Corticosteroids ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho
• Ama-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi) ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kobuchopho nengcindezi
• Ama-Anticonvulsants ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukuquleka
• Imithi yezinhlungu
• I-Chemotherapy ukusiza ukunciphisa isimila noma ukuvimbela isimila ukuthi singakhuli futhi

Izinyathelo zokududuza, izinyathelo zokuphepha, ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa emsebenzini, nezinye izinyathelo ezinjalo kungadingeka ukwenza ngcono impilo.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungasiza wena nengane yakho ukuthi nizizwe ningeyedwa.

Ukuthi ingane yenza kahle kangakanani kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi uhlobo lwesimila. Ngokuvamile, cishe izingane ezintathu kwezine kwezine zisinda okungenani eminyakeni emihlanu ngemuva kokutholakala ukuthi zinayo.

Izinkinga zesikhathi eside zobuchopho nezesistimu yezinzwa zingabangelwa isimila uqobo noma ekwelashweni. Izingane zingaba nezinkinga ngokunakwa, ukugxila, noma inkumbulo. Bangaba nezinkinga zokucubungula imininingwane, ukuhlela, ukuqonda, noma ukuqala noma isifiso sokwenza izinto.

Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7, ikakhulukazi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-3, ​​zibonakala zisengozini enkulu yalezi zinkinga.

Abazali kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi izingane zithola izinsizakalo zokwesekwa ekhaya nasesikoleni.

Shayela umhlinzeki uma ingane iba nekhanda elingapheli noma ezinye izimpawu zesimila ebuchosheni.

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo uma ingane iba nokulandelayo:

• Ubuthakathaka bomzimba
• Shintsha ekuziphatheni
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingaziwa
• Ukudliwa kwembangela engaziwa
• Umbono uyashintsha
• Ukushintsha kwenkulumo

I-Glioblastoma multiforme - izingane; I-Ependymoma - izingane; Glioma - izingane; I-Astrocytoma - izingane; IMedulloblastoma - izingane; Neuroglioma - izingane; Oligodendroglioma - izingane; Meningioma - izingane; Umdlavuza - isimila sobuchopho (izingane)

• Imisebe yobuchopho - ukukhishwa
• Ukuhlinzwa kobuchopho - ukukhishwa
• I-Chemotherapy - yini ongayibuza udokotela wakho
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe - imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho

• Ubuchopho
• Isigaxa sobuchopho esiyinhloko

I-Kieran MW, i-Chi SN, iManley PE, et al. Amathumba obuchopho nomgogodla. Ku: Orkin SH, Fisher DE, Ginsburg D, Bheka AT, Lux SE, Nathan DG, eds. I-Hematology ne-Oncology kaNathan no-Oski ye-Infancy ne-Childhood. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 57.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ingqikithi yokwelashwa kwezingqondo zobuchopho kanye nomgogodla (PDQ): inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe bezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/brain/hp/child-brain-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 2, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 26, 2019.

UZaky W, Ater JL, Khatua S. Izicubu zobuchopho ebuntwaneni. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 524.