Ukugula kweSerum

Ukugula kwe-serum kuyindlela yokuphendula efana nokungezwani komzimba. Amasosha omzimba aphendula emithini equkethe amaprotheni asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izimo zomzimba. Ingasabela futhi ku-antiserum, ingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi equkethe amasosha omzimba anikezwe umuntu ukusiza ukumvikela kumagciwane noma ezintweni ezinobuthi.

I-Plasma yingxenye ecacile yomswakama wegazi. Ayinawo amaseli egazi. Kodwa iqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, kufaka phakathi amasosha omzimba, akhiwa njengengxenye yokuphendula komzimba ukuvikela ekutheleleni.

I-Antiserum ikhiqizwa nge-plasma yomuntu noma yesilwane enokuzivikela ekungenweni yisifo noma into enobuthi. I-Antiserum ingasetshenziselwa ukuvikela umuntu ovezwe igciwane noma ubuthi. Isibonelo, ungathola uhlobo oluthile lomjovo we-antiserum:

• Uma uke wachayeka ku-tetanus noma kumarabi futhi awukaze ugonyelwe la magciwane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukugoma kokungenzi lutho.
• Uma ulunywe yinyoka ekhiqiza ubuthi obuyingozi.

Ngesikhathi sokugula kwe-serum, amasosha omzimba akhomba ngamanga iprotheni ku-antiserum njengento eyingozi (i-antigen). Umphumela uba ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba okuhlasela i-antiserum. Izakhi zesistimu yomzimba kanye ne-antiserum ziyahlangana zakhe izakhiwo zomzimba, ezibangela izimpawu zokugula kwe-serum.

Imithi ethile (njenge-penicillin, i-cefaclor, ne-sulfa) ingadala ukusabela okufanayo.

Amaprotheni afakiwe afana ne-antithymocyte globulin (esetshenziselwa ukwala ukwenqatshwa kokufakelwa komzimba) kanye ne-rituximab (esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka komzimba kanye nomdlavuza) kungadala ukusabela kokugula kwe-serum.

Imikhiqizo yegazi nayo ingadala ukugula kwe-serum.

Ngokungafani nokunye ukwaliwa yizidakamizwa, okwenzeka maduzane ngemuva kokuthola umuthi, ukugula kwe-serum kukhula ezinsukwini eziyi-7 kuye kwezingu-21 ngemuva kokuchayeka okokuqala emthini. Abanye abantu baba nezimpawu ezinsukwini ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-3 uma sebevele bevezwa ngumuthi.

Izimpawu zokugula nge-serum zingafaka:

• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa okuvamile
• Isifuba
• Ukulunywa
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
• I-Rash
• Ama-lymph node avuvukile

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza isivivinyo ukuze afune ama-lymph node akhulisiwe futhi abe nethenda ekuthinteni.

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlolwa komchamo
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Imithi, efana ne-corticosteroids, efakwa esikhunjeni ingaqeda ukukhathazeka ekulungeni nasekuqubukeni.

Ama-antihistamine anganciphisa ubude bokugula futhi asize ekunciphiseni ukuqubuka nokunwaya.

Izidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala (ama-NSAID), njenge-ibuprofen noma i-naproxen, angadambisa izinhlungu ezihlangene. Ama-Corticosteroids athathwe ngomlomo angabekelwa amacala abucayi.

Umuthi odale inkinga kufanele umiswe. Gwema ukusebenzisa lowo muthi noma i-antiserum ngokuzayo.

Izimpawu zivame ukuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Uma usebenzisa umuthi noma i-antiserum ebangele ukugula kwe-serum futhi ngokuzayo, ingozi yokuba nokunye ukusabela okufanayo iphezulu.

Izinkinga zifaka:

• Ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi
• Ukuvuvukala kobuso, izingalo nemilenze (angioedema)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma uthole umuthi noma i-antiserum emasontweni amane edlule futhi unezimpawu zokugula kwe-serum.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela ukukhula kwesifo se-serum.

Abantu abaye baba nokugula kwe-serum noma ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa kufanele bagweme ukusebenzisa i-antiserum noma isidakamizwa esikhathini esizayo.

Ukungezwani komzimba nezidakamizwa - ukugula kwe-serum; Ukungezwani komzimba - ukugula kwe-serum; Ukungezwani komzimba - ukugula kwe-serum

• Amasosha omzimba

UFrank MM, uHester CG. Izakhiwo zomzimba omzimba nezifo ezingezwani nomzimba. Ku: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, ama-eds. Ukungezwani komzimba noMiddleton: Izimiso kanye Nokuzijwayeza. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 37.

UNowak-Wegrzyn A, uSicherer SH. Ukugula kweSerum. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 175.