Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza webele

Ukuhlolwa umdlavuza webele kungasiza ekutholeni umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi, ngaphambi kokuthi ubone noma yiziphi izimpawu. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthola umdlavuza wamabele kusenesikhathi kwenza kube lula ukuselapha noma ukuselapha. Kodwa ukuhlolwa nakho kunezingozi, njengezimpawu ezingekho zomdlavuza. Ukuqala nini ukuhlolwa kungancika kubudala bakho nezici zobungozi.

I-mammogram luhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuhlola. I-x-ray yebele isebenzisa umshini okhethekile. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa esibhedlela noma emtholampilo futhi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. AmaMammograms angathola izicubu ezincane kakhulu ukuthi zizwakale.

Mammography kwenziwa ukuhlola abesifazane ukuthola umdlavuza webele kusenesikhathi lapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi welapheke. I-Mammography ivame ukunconyelwa lokhu:

• Abesifazane abaqala eminyakeni engama-40, baphinda njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengu-2. (Lokhu akunconyelwe yizo zonke izinhlangano ezingongoti.)
• Bonke abesifazane abaqala eminyakeni yobudala engama-50, baphinda njalo eminyakeni eyi-1 kuye kwengu-2.
• Abesifazane abanomama noma udadewabo ababenomdlavuza webele esemncane kufanele bacabangele ama-mammograms minyaka yonke. Kufanele baqale ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala lapho ilungu labo lomndeni elincane kunazo zonke latholakala.

AmaMammograms asebenza kangcono ekutholeni umdlavuza webele kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-50 kuya kwengama-74. Kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, ukuhlolwa kungasiza, kepha kungaphuthelwa eminye imidlavuza. Lokhu kungenzeka ngoba abesifazane abasebasha banezicubu zamabele eziqinile, okwenza kube nzima ukubona umdlavuza. Akucaci ukuthi ama-mammograms asebenza kahle kanjani ekutholeni umdlavuza kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-75 nangaphezulu.

Lesi yisivivinyo sokuzwa amabele namakhwapha ezigaxa noma izinguquko ezingavamile. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angenza ukuhlolwa kwebele lomtholampilo (i-CBE). Ungahlola amabele akho uwedwa. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kwesifuba (BSE). Ukwenza izivivinyo zakho kungakusiza ukuthi ujwayelane namabele akho. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukubona izinguquko ezingavamile zesifuba.

Khumbula ukuthi izivivinyo zamabele azinciphisi ingozi yokufa ngenxa yomdlavuza webele. Futhi azisebenzi njengama-mammograms ukuthola umdlavuza. Ngalesi sizathu, akufanele uthembele kuphela ezivivinyweni zamabele ukuze uhlolwe umdlavuza.

Akubona bonke ochwepheshe abavumelanayo mayelana nokuthi kufanele ube nini noma uqale nini ukuhlolwa izivivinyo zamabele. Eqinisweni, amanye amaqembu awatusi nhlobo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi akufanele wenze noma uhlolwe amabele. Abanye besifazane bakhetha ukuba nezivivinyo.

Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngezinzuzo nobungozi bezivivinyo zamabele nokuthi zilungile yini kuwe.

I-MRI isebenzisa ozibuthe abanamandla namagagasi omsakazo ukuthola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa kuphela kwabesifazane abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele.

Abesifazane abasengozini enkulu yomdlavuza webele (ngaphezu kwama-20% kuya kuma-25% engcupheni yokuphila) kufanele babe ne-MRI kanye ne-mammogram njalo ngonyaka. Ungaba nengozi enkulu uma une:

• Umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele, imvamisa lapho umama noma udadewenu enomdlavuza webele esemncane
• Ingozi yokuphila komdlavuza webele ingama-20% kuya ku-25% noma ngaphezulu
• Izinguquko ezithile ze-BRCA, noma ngabe uphethe lo maki noma isihlobo se-degree yokuqala futhi awuzange uhlolwe
• Izihlobo zokuqala ezineziqu ezithile zofuzo (i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome, i-Cowden ne-Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndromes)

Akucaci ukuthi ama-MRIs asebenza kahle kanjani ukuthola umdlavuza webele. Yize ama-MRIs ethola umdlavuza webele omningi kunama-mammograms, nawo maningi amathuba okukhombisa izimpawu zomdlavuza lapho ungekho umdlavuza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-positive-positive. Kwabesifazane abanomdlavuza esifubeni esisodwa, ama-MRIs angasiza kakhulu ekutholeni izicubu ezifihliwe kwesinye isifuba. Kufanele wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI uma:

• Basengozini enkulu kakhulu yomdlavuza webele (labo abanomlando oqinile womndeni noma izimpawu zofuzo zomdlavuza webele)
• Yiba nezicubu zamabele eziminyene kakhulu

Kufanele uhlolwe nini futhi kangaki ukuhlolwa kwesifuba okufanele ukwenze. Amaqembu ochwepheshe abehlukene awavumelani ngokugcwele ngesikhathi esifanele sokuhlolwa.

Ngaphambi kokwenza i-mammogram, khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho mayelana nobuhle nobubi bawo. Buza mayelana:

• Ingozi yakho yomdlavuza webele.
• Ukuthi ukuhlolwa kunciphisa amathuba akho okubulawa ngumdlavuza webele.
• Noma ngabe kukhona yini ukulimala ekuhlolweni komdlavuza webele, njengemiphumela emibi evela ekuhlolweni noma ekwelashweni komdlavuza lapho kutholakala.

Izingozi zokuhlolwa zingabandakanya:

• Imiphumela enamanga. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuhlolwa kukhombisa umdlavuza uma ungekho. Lokhu kungaholela ekubeni nokuhlolwa okuningi okunezingozi. Kungadala nokukhathazeka. Ungahle ube nemiphumela emihle uma umncane, unomlando womndeni womdlavuza webele, uke waba ne-biopsies yamabele esikhathini esedlule, noma uthathe ama-hormone.
• Imiphumela engeyamanga. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubuya ngokujwayelekile yize kunomdlavuza. Abesifazane abanemiphumela engeyiphutha abazi ukuthi banomdlavuza webele futhi balibala ukwelashwa.
• Ukuvezwa yimisebe kuyingozi yomdlavuza webele. Ama-mammograms aveza amabele akho emisebeni.
• Ukweqisa ngokweqile. AmaMammograms nama-MRIs angathola umdlavuza okhula kancane. Lawa ngumdlavuza ongahle ungafinyezi impilo yakho. Ngalesi sikhathi, akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi imiphi imidlavuza ezokhula futhi isabalale, ngakho-ke uma umdlavuza utholakala uvame ukwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kungadala imiphumela emibi kakhulu.

I-Mammogram - ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele; Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba - ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele; I-MRI - ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele

UHenry NL, Shah PD, Haider I, Freer PE, Jagsi R, Sabel MS. Umdlavuza webele. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 88.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele (PDQ) - inguqulo yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/breast/hp/breast-screening-pdq. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 27, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 24, 2020.

Siu AL; I-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele: Isitatimende sezincomo se-U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. U-Ann Intern Med. 2016; 164 (4): 279-296. I-PMID: 26757170 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26757170/.

• Umdlavuza Webele
• Isimame