Dermatomyositis

I-Dermatomyositis yisifo semisipha esibandakanya ukuvuvukala nokuqubuka kwesikhumba. I-Polymyositis yisimo esifanayo sokuvuvukala, okubandakanya nobuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuvuvukala, isisa, nokulimala kwezicubu kepha akukho ukuqubuka kwesikhumba. Zombili ziyingxenye yeqembu elikhulu lesifo elibizwa nge-myopathy yokuvuvukala.

Isizathu se-dermatomyositis asikaziwa. Ochwepheshe bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kungenxa yokutheleleka ngegciwane emisipheni noma inkinga ngesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Kungenzeka futhi kubantu abanomdlavuza esiswini, emaphashini, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Noma ngubani angaba nalesi simo. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-15 kanti abadala baneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengama-60. Ithinta abesifazane kaningi kunabesilisa.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukuqina, noma ukukhathazeka
• Izinkinga ukugwinya
• Umbala onsomi ezinhla zamehlo aphezulu
• Ukuqhuma kwesikhumba okubomvu
• Ukuphelelwa umoya

Ubuthakathaka bemisipha bungafika ngokungazelelwe noma bukhule kancane ngaphezu kwamasonto noma izinyanga. Ungaba nenkinga yokuphakamisa izingalo zakho phezu kwekhanda lakho, ukuvuka endaweni yokuhlala, nokukhuphuka izitebhisi.

Ukuqubuka kungavela ebusweni bakho, kumaqupha, entanyeni, emahlombe, esifubeni esingenhla nasemhlane.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga ama-enzyme emisipha abizwa nge-creatine phosphokinase ne-aldolase
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwezifo ezizimele
• ECG
• I-Electromyography (EMG)
• Ukucabanga kwe-Magnetic resonance (MRI)
• Imisipha biopsy
• Isikhumba biopsy
• Okunye ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa umdlavuza
• I-x-ray yesifuba ne-CT scan esifubeni
• Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yamaphaphu
• Ukugwinya isifundo
• I-Myositis ethize nama-autoantibodies ahambisanayo

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ye-corticosteroid. Umthamo womuthi ususwa kancane kancane njengoba amandla emisipha eba ngcono. Lokhu kuthatha cishe amaviki amane kuya kwayisithupha. Ungahlala kumthamo ophansi wemithi ye-corticosteroid ngemuva kwalokho.

Imithi yokucindezela amasosha omzimba ingasetshenziswa ukufaka ama-corticosteroids. Le mithi ingafaka i-azathioprine, methotrexate noma i-mycophenolate.

Imithi engavivinywa lapho izifo ezihlala zisebenza naphezu kwale mithi yilezi:

• I-gamma globulin efakwa ngaphakathi
• Izidakamizwa ze-Biologic

Lapho imisipha yakho iba namandla, umhlinzeki wakho angakutshela ukuthi wehlise kancane imithamo yakho. Abantu abaningi abanalesi simo kufanele bathathe umuthi obizwa nge-prednisone impilo yabo yonke.

Uma umdlavuza ubangela isimo, ubuthakathaka bemisipha nokuqubuka kungahle kube ngcono lapho kususwa isimila.

Izimpawu zingaphela ngokuphelele kwabanye abantu, njengezingane.

Isimo singabulala abantu abadala ngenxa ye:

• Ubuthakathaka obukhulu bemisipha
• Ukungondleki
• Inyumoniya
• Ukwehluleka kwamaphaphu

Izimbangela ezinkulu zokufa ngalesi sifo umdlavuza nesifo samaphaphu.

Abantu abanesifo samaphaphu abane-anti-MDA-5 antibody banesifo esingalindelekile naphezu kokwelashwa kwamanje.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Isifo samaphaphu
• Ukwehluleka okukhulu kwezinso
• Umdlavuza (isifo esibi)
• Ukuvuvukala kwenhliziyo
• Ubuhlungu obuhlangene

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unobuthakathaka bemisipha noma ezinye izimpawu zalesi simo.

• Dermatomyositis - Gottron papule
• I-Dermatomyositis - ama-papules kaGottron esandleni
• I-dermatomyositis - amajwabu amehlo e-heliotrope
• I-dermatomyositis emilenzeni
• Dermatomyositis - Gottron papule
• Paronychia - okhethwayo
• I-dermatomyositis - ukuqubuka kwe-heliotrope ebusweni

U-Aggarwal R, umgibeli we-LG, uRuperto N, et al. 2016 American College of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism Criteria for Minimal, Moderate, and Major Clinical Response in Adult Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis: An International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group / Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Inhlanganoative Yokubambisana. I-Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017; 69 (5): 898-910. I-PMID: 28382787 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28382787.

UDalakas MC. Izifo zemisipha ezivuthayo. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373 (4): 393-394. I-PMID: 26200989 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26200989.

INagaraju K, iGladue HS, iLundberg IE. Izifo ezivuthayo zemisipha nezinye i-myopathies. Ku: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR, abahleli. Incwadi kaKelley noFirestein yeRheumatology. Umhlaka 10. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 85.

I-National Organisation for Rare Disorders iwebhusayithi. Dermatomyositis. rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/dermatomyositis/. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 1, 2019.