Umnikelo wamathambo (isiqu seseli)

Umnkantsha wamathambo yizicubu ezithambile, ezinamafutha ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho. Umnkantsha wethambo unama-stem cells, okungamaseli angavuthiwe aphenduka amaseli egazi.

Abantu abanezifo ezisongela impilo, njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma, ne-myeloma bangelashwa ngokufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo. Lokhu manje sekuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell. Kulolu hlobo lokwelashwa, umnkantsha wamathambo uqoqwa kumnikeli. Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu banganikela ngamongo wabo wethambo.

Ukunikelwa komnkantsha wamathambo kungenziwa ngokuqoqa umnkantsha womnikeli ngokuhlinzwa, noma ngokususa ama-stem cells egazini lomnikeli.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomnikelo womnkantsha wamathambo:

• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha we-Autologous kulapho abantu benikela ngomnkantsha wabo. "Ukuzenzakalela" kusho ukuzimela.
• Ukufakelwa komnkantsha we-Allogenic kulapho omunye umuntu anikela ngomnkantsha. "Allo" kusho okunye.

Ngokufakelwa kwe-allogenic, izakhi zofuzo zomnikeli kufanele okungenani zifane nezakhi zofuzo zomamukeli. Umfowethu noma udadewethu kungenzeka abe ngumdlalo omuhle. Kwesinye isikhathi abazali, izingane, nezinye izihlobo bangumdlalo omuhle. Kepha kuphela abantu abangamaphesenti angama-30 abadinga ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo abangathola umnikeli ofanayo emindenini yabo.

Abantu abangama-70% abangenaso isihlobo esifana kahle nomdlalo bangakwazi ukuyithola ngerejista yemnkantsha yethambo. Enkulu kunazo zonke ibizwa ngokuthi yiba ngumdlalo (bethematch.org). Ibhalisa abantu abangavuma ukunikela ngomnkantsha futhi bagcine imininingwane yabo ku-database. Odokotela bangabe sebesebenzisa irejista ukuthola umnikeli ofanayo womuntu odinga ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo.

Ungayijoyina kanjani i-Bone Marrow Registry

Ukuze ubhalwe ohlwini lokubhalisa ngomnkantsha wamathambo, umuntu kufanele abe:

• Phakathi kweminyaka engu-18 no-60
• Unempilo enhle hhayi okhulelwe

Abantu bangabhalisa ku-inthanethi noma kudrayivu yokubhalisa yabanikeli bendawo. Labo abaphakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-45 kuye kwengama-60 kumele bajoyine ku-inthanethi. Abashayeli bendawo, abangena mathupha bamukela kuphela abanikeli abangaphansi kweminyaka yobudala engama-45. Ama-stem cell abo maningi amathuba okusiza iziguli kunama-stem cell avela kubantu abadala.

Abantu ababhalisa kufanele noma:

• Sebenzisa i-swab yekotini ukuthatha isampula lamaseli ngaphakathi kwesihlathi sabo
• Nikeza isampula legazi elincane (cishe isipuni esingu-1 noma amamililitha ayi-15)

Amaseli noma igazi bese lihlolelwa amaprotheni akhethekile, abizwa ngama-antigen leukocyte antigen (HLA). Ama-HLAs asiza uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nokutheleleka (amasosha omzimba) ukutshela umehluko phakathi kwezicubu zomzimba nezinto ezingekho emzimbeni wakho.

Ukufakelwa komnkantsha wethambo kusebenza kahle kakhulu uma ama-HLA avela kumnikeli nesiguli kufana kakhulu. Uma i-HLAs yomnikeli ifana kahle nomuntu odinga ukufakelwa, umnikeli kufanele anikeze isampula legazi elisha ukuqinisekisa umdlalo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umeluleki uhlangana nomnikeli ukuze kuxoxwe ngenqubo yokunikelwa kwemnkantsha.

Amaseli we-donor stem angaqoqwa ngezindlela ezimbili.

Iqoqo lamangqamuzana egazi eliseceleni. Amaseli amaningi wabanikeli aqoqwa ngenqubo ebizwa ngeleukapheresis.

• Okokuqala, umnikeli unikezwa isibhamu sezinsuku ezi-5 ukusiza ama-stem cells ukuthi asuke emnkantsheni wethambo aye egazini.
• Ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa, igazi liyasuswa kulowo onikelayo ngomugqa emthanjeni (IV). Ingxenye yamaseli amhlophe egazi aqukethe ama-stem cells ahlukaniswa emshinini bese esuswa ukuze anikezwe umamukeli kamuva.
• Amaseli abomvu abuyiselwa kumnikeli nge-IV kwenye ingalo.

Le nqubo ithatha cishe amahora amathathu. Imiphumela emibi ifaka:

• Ukuphathwa ikhanda
• Amathambo abuhlungu
• Ukungakhululeki ngezinaliti ezingalweni

Ukuvunwa komnkantsha wethambo. Lokhu kuhlinzwa okuncane kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umnikeli uzobe elele futhi engenazinhlungu ngesikhathi senqubo. Umnkantsha wamathambo ususwa ngemuva kwamathambo akho okhalo. Inqubo ithatha cishe ihora.

Ngemuva kokuvunwa komnkantsha wethambo, umnikeli uhlala esibhedlela baze bavuke ngokuphelele futhi bakwazi ukudla nokuphuza. Imiphumela emibi ifaka:

• Isicanucanu
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Ukukhathala
• Ukulimaza noma ukungaphatheki kahle emhlane ongezansi

Ungaqala kabusha umsebenzi ojwayelekile cishe ngesonto.

Kunezingozi ezimbalwa kakhulu kumnikeli futhi akukho miphumela ehlala njalo yezempilo. Umzimba wakho uzothatha indawo yomnkantsha onikeliwe cishe emasontweni amane kuya kwayisithupha.

Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell - umnikelo; Umnikelo we-allogeneic; I-leukemia - umnikelo womnkantsha; I-Lymphoma - umnikelo womnkantsha; UMyeloma - umnikelo womnkantsha

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Cancer Society. Ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell yomdlavuza. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatment-and-side-effects/treatment-types/stem-cell-transplant.html. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 3, 2020.

Ukufakelwa kweseli kwe-Fuchs E. Haploidentical hematopoietic. Ku: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, ama-eds.I-Hematology: Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Nokuzijwayeza. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 106.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukufakelwa kwegazi okwenziwa ngegazi. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/stem-cell-transplant/stem-cell-fact-sheet. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 12, 2013. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 3, 2020.

• Ukufakelwa Kwamathambo Emathanjeni
• Amaseli Esiqu