Izinhlobo zamakhemikhali

I-Chemotherapy ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ukwelapha umdlavuza. I-Chemotherapy ibulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza, ukusiza ukuwusabalalisa, noma ukunciphisa izimpawu.

Kwezinye izimo, abantu baphathwa ngohlobo olulodwa lwe-chemotherapy. Kepha imvamisa, abantu bathola izinhlobo ezingaphezu kweyodwa ze-chemotherapy ngasikhathi. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlasela umdlavuza ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ukwelashwa okuhlosiwe kanye ne-immunotherapy kungezinye izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza ezisebenzisa umuthi ukwelapha umdlavuza.

I-chemotherapy ejwayelekile isebenza ngokubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza namaseli athile ajwayelekile. Ukwelashwa okubhekiswe kanye ne-immunotherapy zero ngaphakathi kwamatshe athile (ama-molecule) ngaphakathi noma kumaseli womdlavuza.

Uhlobo nomthamo we-chemotherapy odokotela abakunikeza wona uncike ezintweni eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Uhlobo lomdlavuza onalo
• Lapho umdlavuza uqale ukuvela emzimbeni wakho
• Amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka kanjani ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
• Ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele yini
• Iminyaka yakho nempilo ejwayelekile

Wonke amaseli emzimbeni akhula ngokuhlukana abe amaseli amabili, noma ahlukaniswe. Abanye bahlukanisa ukulungisa umonakalo emzimbeni. Umdlavuza wenzeka lapho okuthile kubangela ukuthi amaseli ahlukane futhi akhule angalawuleki. Zilokhu zikhula zakha inqwaba yamaseli, noma isimila.

I-Chemotherapy ihlasela amaseli ahlukanisayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungenzeka kakhulu ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kunamaseli ajwayelekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali zilimaza izinto zofuzo ezingaphakathi kweseli ezilitshela ukuthi lingazikopisha noma lizilungise kanjani. Ezinye izinhlobo zivimba amakhemikhali iseli elidinga ukuwahlukanisa.

Amanye amaseli ajwayelekile emzimbeni ahlukana kaningi, njengezinwele namaseli wesikhumba. Lawa maseli nawo angabulawa yi-chemo. Yingakho ingadala imiphumela emibi njengokulahleka kwezinwele. Kepha amaseli amaningi ajwayelekile angalulama ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa.

Kunezidakamizwa ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezahlukene zamakhemikhali. Ngezansi kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko ze-chemotherapy, izinhlobo zomdlavuza abazelapayo, nezibonelo. Ukuqapha kufaka izinto ezihlukile kwimiphumela emibi ejwayelekile ye-chemotherapy.

Ama-ejenti we-ALKYLATING

Isetshenziselwe ukwelapha:

• Umdlavuza wegazi
• I-Lymphoma
• Isifo se-Hodgkin
• I-myeloma eminingi
• I-Sarcoma
• Ubuchopho
• Umdlavuza wamaphaphu, webele nowesibelethweni

Izibonelo:

• I-Busulfan (Myleran)
• ICyclophosphamide
• I-Temozolomide (Temodar)

Isexwayiso:

• Kungalimaza umnkantsha wethambo, ongaholela ku-leukemia.

IZIKHATHI ZESIKHATHI

Isetshenziselwe ukwelapha:

• Umdlavuza wegazi
• Umdlavuza webele, we-ovary, kanye nomgudu wamathumbu

Izibonelo:

• I-5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
• I-6-mercaptopurine (6-MP)
• I-Capecitabine (Xeloda)
• Gemcitabine

Isixwayiso: Akukho

I-ANTI-TUMOR ANTIBIOTICS

Isetshenziselwe ukwelapha:

• Izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza.

Izibonelo:

• I-Dactinomycin (Cosmegen)
• Bleomycin
• I-Daunorubicin (i-Cerubidine, i-Rubidomycin)
• I-Doxorubicin (i-Adriamycin PFS, i-Adriamycin RDF)

Isexwayiso:

• Ukweqiwa okuphezulu kungalimaza inhliziyo.

TOPOISOMERASE IZIBAMBI

Isetshenziselwe ukwelapha:

• Umdlavuza wegazi
• Amaphaphu, ama-ovari, amathumbu, namanye amagciwane

Izibonelo:

• I-Etoposide
• I-Irinotecan (Camptosar)
• I-Topotecan (Hycamtin)

Isexwayiso:

• Ezinye zingenza umuntu abe sethubeni lokuthola umdlavuza wesibili, obizwa nge-acute myeloid leukemia, kungakapheli iminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu.

IZIBAMBI ZE-MITOTIC

Isetshenziselwe ukwelapha:

• UMyeloma
• AmaLymphomas
• AmaLeukemias
• Umdlavuza webele noma wamaphaphu

Izibonelo:

• I-Docetaxel (Taxotere)
• I-Eribulin (Halaven)
• Ixabepilone (Ixempra)
• I-Paclitaxel (Taxol)
• Vinblastine

Isexwayiso:

• Kungenzeka kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ukudala ukulimala kwezinzwa okubuhlungu.

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Cancer Society. Isebenza kanjani imishanguzo yamakhemikhali. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatment-and-side-effects/treatment-types/chemotherapy/how-chemotherapy-drugs-work.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 22, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoMashi 20, 2020.

UCollins JM. I-Cancer pharmacology. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 25.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Uhlu lwe-A kuya ku-Z lwemithi yomdlavuza. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/drugs. Kufinyelelwe ngoNovemba 11, 2019.

• I-Cancer Chemotherapy