Ischizophrenia

ISchizophrenia ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okwenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa umehluko phakathi kwento engokoqobo nengokoqobo.

Kwenza kube nzima ukucabanga kahle, ube nezimpendulo ezijwayelekile zomzwelo, futhi wenze ngokujwayelekile ezimweni zenhlalo.

ISchizophrenia yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ongoti bezempilo yengqondo abaqiniseki ukuthi kubangelwa yini. Izakhi zofuzo zingadlala indima.

ISchizophrenia ivela emadodeni amaningi njengabesifazane. Imvamisa iqala ebusheni noma eminyakeni yobudala yobudala, kepha ingaqala kamuva empilweni. Kwabesifazane, kuvame ukuqala kancane kamuva.

I-Schizophrenia ezinganeni ivame ukuqala ngemuva kweminyaka yobudala 5. I-schizophrenia yobuntwana ayivamile futhi kungaba nzima ukuyichaza ngaphandle kwezinye izinkinga zokukhula.

Izimpawu zivame ukukhula kancane ngaphezulu kwezinyanga noma iminyaka. Umuntu angaba nezimpawu eziningi, noma abe mbalwa.

Abantu abane-schizophrenia bangaba nenkinga yokugcina abangane nokusebenza. Bangaba nezinkinga ngokukhathazeka, ukudangala, nemicabango yokuzibulala noma isimilo.

Izimpawu zokuqala zingafaka:

• Imizwa ecasulayo noma eshubile
• Inkinga yokugxila
• Inkinga yokulala

Njengoba ukugula kuqhubeka, umuntu angaba nezinkinga ngokucabanga, imizwa, nokuziphatha, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuzwa noma ukubona izinto ezingekho (ukusangana)
• Ukuzihlukanisa
• Imizwa encishisiwe kuthoni yezwi noma ukubonakaliswa kobuso
• Izinkinga ngokuqonda nokuthatha izinqumo
• Izinkinga ukunaka nokulandela imisebenzi
• Izinkolelo ezibanjwe ngokuqinile ezingesizo ezangempela (inkohliso)
• Ukukhuluma ngendlela engenangqondo

Azikho izivivinyo zezokwelapha zokuxilonga i-schizophrenia. Udokotela wezifo zengqondo kufanele ahlole lowo muntu futhi amxilonge. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokususelwa engxoxweni yomuntu kanye namalungu omndeni.

Udokotela wezifo zengqondo uzobuza ngalokhu okulandelayo:

• Sezihlale isikhathi esingakanani izimpawu
• Lishintshe kanjani ikhono lomuntu lokusebenza
• Yayinjani imvelaphi yomuntu wokukhula
• Mayelana nomlando womuntu wofuzo nomndeni
• Imithi isebenze kahle kanjani
• Ukuthi ngabe umuntu unezinkinga zokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha umuntu anazo

Ukuhlolwa kobuchopho (njenge-CT noma i-MRI) nokuhlolwa kwegazi kungasiza ukukhipha ezinye izimo ezinezimpawu ezifanayo.

Ngesikhathi sesiqephu se-schizophrenia, umuntu angadinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha.

IMITHI

Izidakamizwa ze-antipsychotic yizona zindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokwelapha isifo sengqondo. Baguqula ibhalansi yamakhemikhali ebuchosheni futhi bangasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu.

Le mithi ingadala imiphumela emibi, kepha imiphumela emibi eminingi ingalawulwa. Imiphumela engemihle akufanele ivimbele umuntu ukuthi alashelwe lesi simo esibi.

Imiphumela emibi ejwayelekile evela kuma-antipsychotic ingafaka:

• Isiyezi
• Imizwa yokungazethembi noma yokuhlanya
• Ukulala (ukulala)
• Ukuhamba okuhamba kancane
• Ukuthuthumela
• Ukuzuza kwesisindo
• Isifo sikashukela
• I-cholesterol ephezulu

Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwama-antipsychotic kungakhuphula ubungozi bokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza okubizwa nge-tardive dyskinesia. Lesi simo sidala ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe umuntu angakwazi ukukulawula. Shayela umhlinzeki wezempilo ngokushesha uma ucabanga ukuthi wena noma ilungu lomndeni wakho ningaba nalesi simo ngenxa yomuthi.

Lapho i-schizophrenia ingathuthuki ngama-antipsychotic, eminye imithi ingazama.

ISchizophrenia yisifo esihlala impilo yonke. Iningi labantu abanalesi simo badinga ukuhlala kuma-antipsychotic impilo.

SEKELA IZINHLELO NEMITHI

Ukwelashwa kokusekelwa kungasiza abantu abaningi abane-schizophrenia. Amasu wokuziphatha, njengokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono omphakathi, angasiza umuntu ukuthi asebenze kangcono ezimeni zomphakathi nezasemsebenzini. Ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi namakilasi okwakha ubuhlobo nakho kubalulekile.

Amalungu omndeni nabanakekeli babaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ukwelashwa kungafundisa amakhono abalulekile, njenge:

• Ukubhekana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo, noma ngabe uthatha imithi
• Ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, kufaka phakathi ukulala ngokwanele nokuhlala kude nezidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa
• Ukuthatha imithi ngendlela efanele nokulawula imiphumela emibi
• Ukubuka ukubuya kwezimpawu, nokwazi okufanele ukwenze lapho zibuya
• Ukuthola izinsizakalo ezifanele zokusekela

I-Outlook kunzima ukubikezela. Isikhathi esiningi, izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngemithi. Kepha abantu abaningi bangaba nenkinga yokusebenza. Basengozini yeziqephu eziphindaphindwayo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqala kokugula. Abantu abane-schizophrenia nabo basengozini enkulu yokuzibulala.

Abantu abane-schizophrenia bangadinga izindlu, ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi, nezinye izinhlelo zokusekela umphakathi. Labo abanezindlela ezinzima kakhulu zalesi sifo kungenzeka bangakwazi ukuhlala bodwa. Bangadinga ukuhlala emakhaya eqembu noma kwezinye izindawo zokuhlala ezinde, ezihleliwe.

Izimpawu kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi zibuye lapho umuthi umisiwe.

Ukuba ne-schizophrenia kwandisa ingozi yoku:

• Ukuthuthukisa inkinga ngotshwala noma izidakamizwa. Ukusebenzisa lezi zinto kwandisa amathuba okuthi izimpawu zibuye.
• Ukugula ngokomzimba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuphila okungasebenzi kanye nemiphumela emibi yemithi.
• Ukuzibulala.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma wena (noma ilungu lomndeni):

• Yizwa amazwi akutshela ukuthi uzilimaze wena noma abanye
• Yiba nesifiso sokuzilimaza wena noma abanye
• Uzwe uvalo noma ukhungathekile
• Bona izinto ezingekho ngempela lapho
• Yiba nomuzwa wokuthi awukwazi ukuphuma endlini
• Yiba nomuzwa wokuthi awukwazi ukuzinakekela

Ischizophrenia ayinakuvinjelwa.

Izimpawu zingavinjelwa ngokuthatha umuthi njengoba nje udokotela ekuyalile. Izimpawu kungenzeka zibuye uma umuthi umisiwe.

Ukushintsha noma ukumisa imithi kufanele kwenziwe kuphela ngudokotela obanikeze yona.

I-psychosis - i-schizophrenia; Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo - i-schizophrenia

• Ischizophrenia

I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Schizophrenia spectrum nezinye izifo zengqondo. Ku: I-American Psychiatric Association. Incwajana Yokuhlola Nezibalo Yezinkinga Zengqondo. Umhlaka 5. I-Arlington, VA: Ukushicilelwa Kwe-Psychiatric yaseMelika; 2013: 87-122.

UFreudenreich O, uBrown HE, uHolt DJ. I-Psychosis ne-schizophrenia. Ku: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, ama-eds. IMassachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Okwesibili. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 28.

Lee Lee, Kronsberg H, Ukuthola RL. Ukwelashwa kwe-Psychopharmacologic yeSchizophrenia ku-Adolescents nasezinganeni. Ingane Yezingane Ezisakhula I-Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2020; 29 (1): 183-210. I-PMID: 31708047 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31708047.

UMcClellan J, iStock S; Ikomidi le-American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Lezinkinga Zekhwalithi (CQI). Prakthiza ipharamitha yokuhlola nokwelashwa kwezingane nentsha ene-schizophrenia. J Am Acad Ingane Yentsha Yentsha. 2013; 52 (9): 976-990. I-PMID: 23972700 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23972700.