Ukuhoxa kwe-opiate ne-opioid

Ama-opiates noma ama-opioid yizidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ubuhlungu. Igama elithi narcotic lisho noma yiluphi uhlobo lomuthi.

Uma uyeka noma unciphisa le mithi ngemuva kokusebenzisa kanzima amasonto ambalwa noma ngaphezulu, uzoba nezimpawu eziningana. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhoxa.

Ngo-2018 e-United States, abantu ababalelwa ku-808,000 babika ukuthi basebenzisa i-heroin ngonyaka odlule. Ngawo lowo nyaka, cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-11.4 basebenzisa izidambisi zobuhlungu be-narcotic ngaphandle kwencwadi kadokotela. Ukudambisa ubuhlungu be-narcotic kufaka:

• ICodeine
• I-Heroin
• I-Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
• I-Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
• I-Methadone
• I-Meperidine (Demerol)
• I-Morphine
• I-Oxycodone (i-Percocet noma i-Oxycontin)

Le mithi ingadala ukuncika emzimbeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu uthembele kumuthi ukuvimbela izimpawu zokuhoxa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izidakamizwa eziningi ziyadingeka ngomphumela ofanayo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukubekezelela izidakamizwa.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuncika emzimbeni kuyahluka kumuntu ngamunye.

Lapho umuntu eyeka ukudla izidakamizwa, umzimba udinga isikhathi sokululama. Lokhu kudala izimpawu zokuhoxa. Ukuhoxa kuma-opiates kungenzeka noma nini ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kumisiwe noma kunciphise.

Izimpawu zokuqala zokuhoxa zifaka:

• Ukuyaluza
• Ukukhathazeka
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukwanda kwezinyembezi
• Ukuqwasha
• Iphunga eligijimayo
• Ukujuluka
• Ukuzamula

Izimpawu zokugcina zokuhoxa zifaka:

• Ukuqunjelwa esiswini
• Uhudo
• Abafundi abahlanzekile
• Uhlevane
• Isicanucanu
• Ukuhlanza

Lezi zimpawu azikhululekile kepha azisongeli impilo. Izimpawu zivame ukuqala kungakapheli amahora angu-12 okusetshenziswa kokugcina kwe-heroin futhi kungakapheli amahora angama-30 wokuchayeka kokugcina kwemethadone.

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba abuze imibuzo ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Ukuhlolwa komchamo noma kwegazi ukuhlola izidakamizwa kungaqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-opiate.

Okunye ukuhlolwa kuzoncika ekukhathaleleni komhlinzeki wakho kwezinye izinkinga. Ukuhlolwa kungafaka:

• Amakhemikhali egazi nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi njenge-CHEM-20
• I-CBC (ukubala okuphelele kwegazi, kukala amaseli abomvu namhlophe egazi, nama-platelets, asiza igazi ukuba limboze)
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• Ukuhlolelwa i-hepatitis C, i-HIV, kanye nesifo sofuba (i-TB), njengoba abantu abaningi abahlukumeza ama-opiates benazo lezi zifo

Ukuzihoxisa kule mithi ngokwakho kungaba nzima kakhulu futhi kungaba yingozi. Ukwelashwa kaningi kubandakanya imithi, ukwelulekwa ngokwengqondo, nokusekelwa. Wena nomhlinzeki wakho nizoxoxa ngezinhloso zakho zokunakekelwa nokwelashwa.

Ukuhoxa kungenzeka ezindaweni eziningi:

• Ekhaya, usebenzisa imithi nohlelo lokusekela oluqinile. (Le ndlela inzima, futhi ukuhoxa kufanele kwenziwe kancane.)
• Kusetshenziswa izikhungo ezisethelwe ukusiza abantu abane-detoxification (detox).
• Esibhedlela esijwayelekile, uma izimpawu zinzima.

IMITHI

I-Methadone iqeda izimpawu zokuhoxa futhi isiza nge-detox. Iphinde isetshenziswe njengomuthi wesondlo wesikhathi eside wokuncika kwe-opioid. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sesondlo, umthamo ungancipha kancane isikhathi eside. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ubukhulu bezimpawu zokuhoxa. Abanye abantu bahlala ku-methadone iminyaka.

I-Buprenorphine (I-Subutex) iphatha ukuhoxa kuma-opiates, futhi inganciphisa ubude be-detox. Ingasetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside, njenge-methadone. I-Buprenorphine ingahlanganiswa neNaloxone (Bunavail, Suboxone, Zubsolv), esiza ukuvimbela ukuncika nokusetshenziswa kabi.

Clonidine isetshenziselwa ukusiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka, ukuxokozela, ubuhlungu bemisipha, ukujuluka, ikhala eligijimayo, nokucinana. Akusizi ukunciphisa izifiso.

Eminye imithi inga:

• Phatha ukuhlanza nokuhuda
• Siza ngokulala

I-Naltrexone kungasiza ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva. Itholakala ngefomu lephilisi noma njengomjovo. Futhi, kepha, kungaletha ukuhoxa okungazelelwe futhi okunzima uma kuthathwe ngenkathi ama-opioid esesesistimu yakho.

Abantu abahamba ngokuhoxa kaninginingi kufanele baphathwe ngokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside kwe-methadone noma i-buprenorphine.

Iningi labantu lidinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside ngemuva kokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Amaqembu okuzisiza, afana ne-Narcotics Anonymous noma i-SMART Recovery
• Ukwelulekwa ngokwelashwa
• Ukwelashwa okunamandla kwabalaliswa ngaphandle (ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngosuku)
• Ukwelashwa kweziguli

Noma ngubani osebenzisa ubuthi emzimbeni kuma-opiates kufanele ahlolwe ukudangala nezinye izifo zengqondo. Ukwelapha lezi zinkinga kunganciphisa ingozi yokubuyela emuva. Imithi elwa nokudangala kufanele inikezwe lapho kudingeka.

Amaqembu okusekela, afana ne-Narcotics Anonymous ne-SMART Recovery, angasiza kakhulu kubantu abayimilwelwe yama-opiates:

• Izidakamizwa ezingaziwa - www.na.org
• Ukubuyiselwa kwe-SMART - www.smartrecovery.org

Ukuhoxa kuma-opiates kubuhlungu, kepha imvamisa akuyona impilo esongela.

Izinkinga zihlanganisa ukuhlanza nokuphefumula okuqukethwe yisisu emaphashini. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-aspiration, futhi kungadala ukutheleleka kwamaphaphu. Ukuhlanza nokuhuda kungadala ukuphazamiseka emzimbeni kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamakhemikhali omzimba kanye namaminerali (i-electrolyte).

Inkinga enkulu ukubuyela ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa. Ukufa okuningi kwe-opiate overdose kwenzeka kubantu abasanda kukhipha ubuthi. Ukuhoxa kunciphisa ukubekezelela komuntu umuthi, ngakho-ke labo abasanda kudlula ekuhoxisweni bangadlula ngokweqile kumthamo omncane kakhulu kunalokho ababejwayele ukuwuthatha.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma usebenzisa noma uhoxisa kuma-opiates.

Ukuhoxa kuma-opioid; Ukukhathala; Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-narcotic - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukuhoxiswa kwe-Methadone - opiate; Imithi yezinhlungu - ukuhoxa kwe-opiate; Ukuhlukunyezwa kweHeroin - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukuhlukunyezwa kweMorphine - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukuhoxa kwe-opoid; I-Meperidine - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukuhoxiswa kwe-Dilaudid - opiate; I-Oxycodone - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; I-Percocet - ukuhoxiswa kwe-opiate; Ukuhoxiswa kwe-Oxycontin - opiate; Hydrocodone - opiate ukuhoxiswa; I-Detox - opiates; Ukuxoshwa emzimbeni - opiates

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UNikolaides JK, uThompson TM. Ama-opioid. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 156.

Ritter JM, Imbali R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP. Ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa kanye nokuncika. Ku: Ritter JM, Imbali R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP, eds. URang noDale’s Pharmacology. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 50.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nokuphathwa Kwezinsizakalo Zempilo Yengqondo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezisemqoka nezinkomba zempilo yengqondo e-United States: Imiphumela evela ku-2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018.pdf. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJuni 23, 2020.