Uveitis

I-Uveitis ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwe-uvea. I-uvea ungqimba oluphakathi kodonga lweso. I-uvea inikeza igazi nge-iris ngaphambili kweso kanye ne-retina ngemuva kweso.

I-Uveitis ingabangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokuzimela komzimba. Lezi zifo zenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela futhi abhubhise izicubu zomzimba ezinempilo ngephutha. Izibonelo yilezi:

• I-Ankylosing spondylitis
• Isifo se-Behcet
• I-Psoriasis
• I-arthritis esebenzayo
• Isifo samathambo
• I-Sarcoidosis
• I-ulcerative colitis

I-Uveitis nayo ingabangelwa izifo ezinjengalezi:

• Ingculaza
• I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Herpes zoster
• I-Histoplasmosis
• Isifo seKawasaki
• Ugcunsula
• I-Toxoplasmosis
• Isifo sofuba

Ukuvezwa ubuthi noma ukulimala nakho kungadala uveitis. Ezimweni eziningi, imbangela ayaziwa.

Imvamisa ukuvuvukala kunqunyelwe engxenyeni ye-uvea kuphela. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-uveitis lubandakanya ukuvuvukala kwe-iris, engxenyeni engaphambili yeso. Kulokhu, lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-iritis. Ezimweni eziningi, kwenzeka kubantu abaphilile. Lesi sifo singathinta iso elilodwa kuphela. Kuvame kakhulu kubantu abasha nabaseminyakeni ephakathi.

I-posterior uveitis ithinta ingxenye engemuva yeso. Kubandakanya ngokuyinhloko i-choroid. Lolu ungqimba lwemithambo yegazi nezicubu ezixhumanayo ezingqimbeni zeso eliphakathi nendawo. Lolu hlobo lwe-uveitis lubizwa nge-choroiditis. Uma i-retina nayo ibandakanyekile, ibizwa ngokuthi i-chorioretinitis.

Enye indlela ye-uveitis yi-pars planitis. Ukuvuvukala kwenzeka endaweni ebizwa nge-pars plana, etholakala phakathi kwe-iris ne-choroid. I-Pars planitis ivame ukwenzeka ezinsizweni. Ngokuvamile ayihlotshaniswa nanoma yisiphi esinye isifo. Noma kunjalo, ingaxhunyaniswa nesifo seCrohn futhi mhlawumbe ne-multiple sclerosis.

I-Uveitis ingathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili. Izimpawu zincike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye ye-uvea evuvukele. Izimpawu zingakhula ngokushesha futhi zingafaka:

• Ukubona okufiphele
• Amnyama, izindawo ezintantayo embonweni
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo
• Ukubomvu kweso
• Ukuzwela ekukhanyeni

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzothatha umlando ophelele wezokwelapha futhi ahlolwe iso. Ukuhlolwa kwelab kungenziwa ukukhipha ukutheleleka noma amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka.

Uma ungaphezu kweminyaka engama-25 futhi une-pars planitis, umhlinzeki wakho uzophakamisa ubuchopho nomgogodla we-MRI. Lokhu kuzokhipha isifo sokuqina kwamathishu amaningi.

I-Iritis ne-irido-cyclitis (anterior uveitis) kuvame ukuba mnene. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Izibuko ezimnyama
• Amaconsi wamehlo akhulisa umfundi ukudambisa izinhlungu
• Amaconsi e-steroid

I-Pars planitis ivame ukwelashwa ngamaconsi wamehlo e-steroid. Eminye imithi, kufaka phakathi i-steroids ethathwe ngomlomo, ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukucindezela amasosha omzimba.

Ukwelashwa kwe-posterior uveitis kuncike embangela eyimbangela. Cishe njalo kufaka ama-steroids athathwe ngomlomo.

Uma i-uveitis ibangelwa ukutheleleka komzimba wonke (systemic), unganikezwa ama-antibiotics. Unganikezwa futhi nemithi enamandla yokulwa nokuvuvukala ebizwa nge-corticosteroids. Kwesinye isikhathi izinhlobo ezithile zemithi ecindezela amasosha omzimba zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha u-uveitis onzima.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukuhlaselwa okuningi kwe-anterior uveitis kuyaphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuye emasontweni. Kodwa-ke, inkinga ivame ukubuya.

I-posterior uveitis ingahlala ezinyangeni kuye eminyakeni. Kungadala ukulimala okungapheli kombono, noma ngabe ukwelashwa.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Isifo senkwethu
• Uketshezi ngaphakathi kwe-retina
• I-Glaucoma
• Umfundi ongajwayelekile
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal
• Ukulahleka kombono

Izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha yilezi:

• Ubuhlungu bamehlo
• Umbono owehlisiwe

Uma unesifo somzimba esibanzi (systemic) noma isifo, ukwelapha lesi simo kungavimbela i-uveitis.

Isisu; Izinduna planitis; I-choroiditis; I-Chorioretinitis; I-Anterior uveitis; I-uveitis yangemuva; Iridocyclitis

• Iso
• Ukuhlolwa kwenkambu ebonakalayo

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Academy of Ophthalmology. Ukwelashwa kwe-uveitis. eyewiki.aao.org/Ukwelashwa_oku_Uveitis. Kubuyekezwe uDisemba 16, 2019. Kufinyelelwe kuSepthemba 15, 2020.

UCioffi GA, uLiebmann JM. Izifo zohlelo olubonakalayo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 395.

UDurand ML. Izimbangela ezithathelwanayo ze-uveitis. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 115.

UGery I, uKhan CC. Izindlela ze-uveitis. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 7.2.

Funda i-RW. Indlela ejwayelekile kumasu we-uveitis nokwelashwa kwamasu. Ku: Yanoff M, Duker JS, ama-eds. I-Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 7.3.