Imiphumela ye-Insulin Emzimbeni

-Delile

• Amasayithi wokujova i-insulin
• Iphampu ye-insulin
• Ikhishwe kumanyikwe
• Ukwakhiwa nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla
• Ukugcina isibindi
• Ukugcinwa kwemisipha namafutha
• Ushukela wegazi olinganiselayo
• Amaseli aphilile
• Emgudwini wegazi
• Ukulawulwa kwe-ketone

I-insulini yihomoni yemvelo ekhiqizwa amanyikwe akho alawula ukuthi umzimba wakho uwusebenzisa futhi uwugcine kanjani ushukela wegazi (i-glucose). Kufana nokhiye ovumela i-glucose ukuthi ingene kumaseli emzimbeni wakho wonke.

I-insulin yingxenye ebalulekile yemetabolism. Ngaphandle kwawo, umzimba wakho ubuzoyeka ukusebenza.

Uma udla, amanyikwe akho akhipha i-insulin ukusiza umzimba wakho wenze amandla nge-glucose, uhlobo lukashukela olutholakala kuma-carbohydrate. Kuyasiza futhi ukugcina amandla.

Kuhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, amanyikwe awasakwazi ukukhiqiza i-insulin. Kuhlobo lwesibili sikashukela, amanyikwe aqala akhiqize i-insulin, kepha amaseli omzimba wakho awakwazi ukusebenzisa kahle i-insulin. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukumelana ne-insulin.

Isifo sikashukela esingalawulwa sivumela i-glucose ukuba yakhe egazini kunokuba isatshalaliswe kumaseli noma igcinwe. Lokhu kungadala umonakalo cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakhombisa ngokushesha ukuthi amazinga akho eglucose aphakeme kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu.

Izinkinga zesifo sikashukela zibandakanya izifo zezinso, ukulimala kwemizwa, izinkinga zenhliziyo, izinkinga zamehlo nezinkinga zesisu.

Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 badinga ukwelashwa nge-insulin ukuze baphile. Abanye abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kumele futhi bathathe imishanguzo ye-insulin ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini labo futhi bagweme nezinkinga.

Uma unesifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa kwe-insulin kungenza umsebenzi ama-pancreas akho angakwazi. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-insulin ziyatholakala:

• I-insulin esebenza ngokushesha ifinyelela ekuhambeni kwegazi kungakapheli imizuzu engu-15 futhi iqhubeka nokusebenza kuze kufike emahoreni amane.
• I-insulin esebenza okwesikhashana ungena egazini kungakapheli imizuzu engama-30 bese usebenza amahora afinyelela kwayisithupha.
• I-insulin esebenza phakathi ithola ukungena kwegazi lakho kungakapheli amahora amabili kuya kwangu-4 futhi isebenza amahora angaba ngu-18.
• I-insulin esebenza isikhathi eside iqala ukusebenza kungakapheli amahora ambalwa futhi igcina amazinga e-glucose ngisho namahora angama-24.

Amasayithi wokujova i-insulin

I-insulin ijwayele ukujova esiswini, kepha ingafakwa futhi ezingalweni, emathangeni noma ezinqeni ezingenhla.

Amasayithi wokujova kufanele azungeziswe endaweni efanayo. Ukujova njalo endaweni efanayo kungadala imali eningi eyenza ukulethwa kwe-insulin kube nzima kakhulu.

Iphampu ye-insulin

Esikhundleni sokujova njalo, abanye abantu basebenzisa ipompo eletha njalo imithamo emincane ye-insulin usuku lonke.

Iphampu lifaka ipayipi elincane elibekwa ezicutshini ezinamafutha ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesisu. Iphinde ibe nenqolobane egcina i-insulini kanye neshubhu elincanyana elithutha i-insulini lisuke echibini liye emgodini wokuhambisa amanzi ngomshini.

I-insulin echibini idinga ukugcwaliswa kabusha lapho kudingeka. Ukugwema ukutheleleka, indawo yokufaka kufanele ishintshwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezi-3.

Ikhishwe kumanyikwe

Uma udla, ukudla kuya esiswini sakho kanye namathumbu amancane, lapho kwehlukaniswa khona kube izakhamzimba ezibandakanya i-glucose. Izakhamzimba ziyamuncwa futhi zisatshalaliswe ngegazi lakho.

Ama-pancreas yindlala etholakala ngemuva kwesisu sakho edlala indima ebalulekile enqubeni yokugaya. Kwakha ama-enzyme adiliza amanoni, isitashi, noshukela ekudleni. Iphinde ifihle i-insulin namanye ama-hormone egazini lakho.

I-insulin idalwa kumaseli we-beta amanyikwe. Amaseli we-Beta aqukethe cishe ama-75% wamaseli we-pancreatic hormone.

Amanye ama-hormone akhiqizwa amanyikwe yilawa:

• Ukwakhiwa nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla

  Umsebenzi we-insulin ukusiza ukuguqula i-glucose ibe amandla nokuyihambisa emzimbeni wakho wonke, kufaka phakathi uhlelo oluphakathi lwezinzwa nohlelo lwe-cardiovascular.

  Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, amaseli alambile amandla futhi kufanele afune omunye umthombo. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezisongela impilo.

  Ukugcina isibindi

  I-insulin isiza isibindi sakho ukuthi sithathe i-glucose eyeqile egazini lakho. Uma unamandla anele, isibindi sigcina i-glucose ongayidingi ngokushesha ukuze isetshenziselwe amandla kamuva.

  Ngokulandelayo, isibindi sikhiqiza i-glucose encane yodwa. Lokhu kugcina amazinga eglucose egazini lakho ehlolile. Isibindi sikhipha inani elincane le-glucose egazini lakho phakathi kokudla ukugcina ushukela wegazi lakho likulelo banga eliphilile.

  Ukugcinwa kwemisipha namafutha

  I-insulini isiza imisipha yakho namaseli amanoni ukugcina i-glucose eyengeziwe ngakho-ke ayigubungeli ukuhamba kwegazi lakho.

  Ikhombisa amaseli wakho wezicubu zemisipha namafutha ukuyeka ukwephula i-glucose ukusiza ukuzinzisa izinga likashukela egazini lakho.

  Amaseli aqala ukudala i-glycogen, uhlobo olugcinwe lwe-glucose. IGlycogen inikeza umzimba wakho amandla lapho izinga likashukela egazini lehla.

  Lapho isibindi sakho singasakwazi ukubamba i-glycogen, i-insulin ibangela amangqamuzana akho amafutha ukuba athathe i-glucose. Igcinwa njenge-triglycerides, uhlobo lwamafutha egazini lakho, olungasetshenziselwa amandla kamuva.

  Ushukela wegazi olinganiselayo

  Ushukela wegazi, noma i-glucose, usetshenziswa umzimba wakho ukuthola amandla. Uma udla, kudalwa ama-carbohydrate amaningi owasebenzisayo. I-glucose ingasetshenziswa khona manjalo noma igcinwe kumaseli akho. I-insulin isiza ukugcina i-glucose esegazini lakho ibangeni elijwayelekile.

  Ikwenza lokhu ngokukhipha i-glucose egazini lakho bese iyisa kumaseli emzimbeni wakho wonke. Amaseli abese asebenzisa i-glucose ukuthola amandla futhi agcine okweqile esibindini sakho, emisipheni nasesicutshini esinamafutha.

  Ukuphuza ngokweqile noma okuncane kakhulu egazini lakho kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Ngaphandle kwesifo sikashukela, kungaholela ezinkingeni zenhliziyo, izinso, iso kanye nemithambo yegazi.

  Amaseli aphilile

  Amaseli kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakho adinga amandla ukuze asebenze futhi ahlale ephilile. I-insulin inikeza ushukela osetshenziswa amaseli ukuthola amandla.

  Ngaphandle kwe-insulin, i-glucose ihlala egazini lakho, okungaholela ezinkingeni eziyingozi njenge-hyperglycemia.

  Kanye ne-glucose, i-insulin isiza ama-amino acid angene kumaseli omzimba, akha imisipha. I-insulin ibuye isize amaseli ukuthatha ama-electrolyte afana ne-potassium, egcina uketshezi lomzimba wakho lusezingeni.

  Emgudwini wegazi

  Lapho i-insulin ingena egazini lakho, isiza amaseli kuwo wonke umzimba wakho - kufaka phakathi ohlelweni lwakho oluphakathi lwezinzwa nasesimisweni senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi - ukuthola i-glucose. Kungumsebenzi wohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi ukuletha i-insulin.

  Uma nje amanyikwe ekhiqiza i-insulin eyanele futhi umzimba wakho ungayisebenzisa kahle, amazinga kashukela egazi azogcinwa ebangeni eliphilile.

  I-glucose eyakhiwe egazini (i-hyperglycemia) ingadala izinkinga ezifana nokulimala kwemizwa (i-neuropathy), ukulimala kwezinso, nezinkinga zamehlo.Izimpawu ze-glucose ephezulu yegazi zifaka ukoma ngokweqile nokuchama kaningi.

  I-glucose encane egazini (i-hypoglycemia) ingakwenza uzizwe uthukuthele, ukhathele noma udidekile. Ushukela wegazi ophansi ungaholela ekulahlekelweni ukwazi.

  Ukulawulwa kwe-ketone

  I-insulin isiza amaseli akho asebenzise i-glucose ukuthola amandla. Lapho amaseli engakwazi ukusebenzisa i-glucose eyengeziwe, aqala ukushisa amanoni ukuze athole amandla. Le nqubo idala ukwakheka okuyingozi kwamakhemikhali abizwa ngama-ketone.

  Umzimba wakho uzama ukususa ama-ketone ngomchamo wakho, kepha kwesinye isikhathi awunakulandelana. Lokhu kungaholela esimweni esisongela impilo esibizwa nge-diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Izimpawu zifaka umoya onuka kamnandi, umlomo owomile, isicanucanu nokuhlanza.