Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal ukwahlukanisa ulwelwesi oluzwela ukukhanya (i-retina) ngemuva kweso kusuka ezingxenyeni zalo ezisekelayo.

I-retina iyisicubu esicacile esifaka ngaphakathi ngemuva kweso. Imisebe ekhanyayo engena esweni igxilwe yi-cornea nelensi ezithombeni ezakhiwe kwi-retina.

• Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kuvame ukubangelwa izinyembezi noma imbobo ku-retina. Uketshezi lwamehlo lungavuza ngalolu vulo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi i-retina yehlukane nezicubu ezingaphansi, kufana ne-bubble ngaphansi kwephepha lodonga. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa yisimo esibizwa nge-posterior vitreous detachment. Kungabangelwa ukuhlukumezeka kanye nokubona okubi kakhulu. Umlando womndeni wokuhlukaniswa kwe-retina nakho kwandisa ubungozi bakho.
• Olunye uhlobo lwe-retinal detachment lubizwa ngokuthi yi-tractional detachment. Lolu hlobo lwenzeka kubantu abanesifo sikashukela esingalawulwa, abahlinzwa ngemuva, noma abanesifo sokuvuvukala isikhathi eside (esingapheli).

Lapho i-retina ihlukaniswa, ukopha emithanjeni yegazi eseduze kungagubuzela ngaphakathi iso ukuze ungaboni kahle noma ungaboni nhlobo. Umbono ophakathi nendawo uthinteka kakhulu uma i-macula ihlukaniswa. I-macula iyingxenye ye-retina ebhekele umbono obukhali, onemininingwane.

Izimpawu ze-retina ehlanganisiwe zingafaka:

• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kokukhanya, ikakhulukazi kumbono wangaphandle.
• Ukubona okufiphele.
• Ama-float amasha esweni avela ngokungazelelwe.
• Ukufiphaza noma ukwehla kombono womngcele obonakala njengekhethini noma umthunzi kuwo wonke umbono wakho.

Imvamisa abukho ubuhlungu ngaphakathi nxazonke zeso.

Udokotela wamehlo (udokotela wamehlo) uzohlola amehlo akho. Ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa ukubheka i-retina nomfundi:

• Sebenzisa udayi okhethekile nekhamera ukubuka ukugeleza kwegazi ku-retina (i-fluorescein angiography)
• Ukuhlola ingcindezi ngaphakathi kweso (i-tonometry)
• Ukuhlola ingxenye engemuva yeso, kufaka phakathi i-retina (ophthalmoscopy)
• Ukuhlola imithi yesibuko seso (ukuhlolwa kwe-refraction)
• Ukuhlola umbono wombala
• Ukuhlola izinhlamvu ezincane kunazo zonke ezingafundwa (i-visual acuity)
• Ukuhlola izakhiwo ngaphambili kweso (ukuhlolwa kwesibani)
• I-Ultrasound yeso

Iningi labantu abane-detinalment detachment lidinga ukuhlinzwa. Ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa ngokushesha noma esikhathini esifushane ngemuva kokuxilongwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa zingenziwa ehhovisi likadokotela wakho.

• Ama-Lasers angasetshenziselwa ukuvala izinyembezi noma izimbobo ku-retina ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale ithimba le-retinal.
• Uma uneqembu elincane, udokotela angafaka i-bubble yegesi esweni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-pneumatic retinopexy. Isiza i-retina ukuthi ibuye ibuyele endaweni yayo. Umgodi uvaliwe nge-laser.

Amaqembu amakhulu adinga ukuhlinzwa esibhedlela. Lezi zinqubo zifaka:

• I-Scleral buckle ukusunduza ngobumnene udonga lwamehlo lubhekane ne-retina
• I-Vitrectomy ukususa i-gel noma izicubu ezibomvu ekudonseni ku-retina, esetshenziselwa izinyembezi nezinhlangano ezinkulu kakhulu

Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-retinal detachments kungabukwa isikhashana ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Uma kudingeka ukuhlinzwa, i-vitrectomy ivame ukwenziwa.

Wenza kahle kangakanani ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kuncike endaweni nobukhulu beqembu kanye nokwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Uma i-macula ingazange ilimale, umbono ngokwelashwa ungaba muhle kakhulu.

Ukulungiswa ngempumelelo kwe-retina akubuyisi ngokuphelele umbono ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ezinye izinhlaka azikwazi ukulungiswa.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kubangela ukulahleka kombono. Ukuhlinzwa ukuyilungisa kungasiza ukubuyisela okunye noma wonke umbono wakho.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal kuyinkinga ephuthumayo edinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kungakapheli amahora angama-24 wezimpawu zokuqala zokukhanya okusha nokukhanya.

Sebenzisa ukugqoka kwamehlo okuvikela ukuvikela ukuhlukumezeka kwamehlo. Lawula ushukela wegazi ngokucophelela uma unesifo sikashukela. Bheka udokotela wakho wokunakekelwa kweso kanye ngonyaka. Ungadinga ukuvakashelwa kaningi uma unezinto ezinobungozi zokuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal. Qaphela izimpawu zokukhanya okusha nokuntanta.

I-retina etholakele

• Iso
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani

Iwebhusayithi yeAmerican Academy of Ophthalmology. Izinkombandlela Zephethini Yokuzikhethela Ekhethwayo. I-posterior vitreous detachment, i-retinal break, ne-lattice degeneration PPP 2019. www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/posterior-vitreous-detachment-retinal-breaks-latti. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 13, 2020.

I-Salmon JF. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retinal. Ku: Salmon JF, ed. IKanski’s Clinical Ophthalmology. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 16.

UWickham L, u-Aylward GW. Izinqubo ezikahle zokulungiswa kwethimba le-retinal. Ku: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, abahleli. URitina kaRyan. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 109.