Umdlavuza womphimbo noma womphimbo

Umdlavuza womphimbo ngumdlavuza wezintambo zezwi, umphimbo (izwi lezwi), noma ezinye izindawo zomphimbo.

Abantu ababhemayo noma abasebenzisa ugwayi basengozini yokuba nomdlavuza womphimbo. Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala isikhathi eside nakho kwandisa ubungozi. Ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala kuhlangene kuholela engozini enkulu yomdlavuza womphimbo.

Iningi lomdlavuza womphimbo ukhula kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50. Amadoda maningi amathuba okuba nomdlavuza womphimbo kunabesifazane.

Ukutheleleka nge-human papillomavirus (HPV) (igciwane elifanayo elibanga izinsumpa ezithweni zangasese) kubalwa inani elikhulu lomdlavuza womlomo nowomphimbo kunangaphambili. Uhlobo olulodwa lwe-HPV, uhlobo lwe-16 noma i-HPV-16, luvame kakhulu ukuhlotshaniswa cishe nawo wonke umdlavuza womphimbo.

Izimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo zifaka phakathi noma yikuphi okulandelayo:

• Imisindo yokuphefumula engajwayelekile (ephezulu)
• Khwehlela
• Akhwehlele igazi
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukuhwarha okungabi ngcono emavikini ama-3 kuye kwayi-4
• Ubuhlungu bentamo noma bendlebe
• Umphimbo wokuqaqamba ongabi ngcono emasontweni amabili kuya kwamathathu, noma ngabe unamagciwane
• Ukuvuvukala noma izigaxa entanyeni
• Ukwehla kwesisindo hhayi ngenxa yokudla

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kungakhombisa isigaxa ngaphandle kwentamo.

Umhlinzeki angabheka emphinjeni noma ekhaleni lakho esebenzisa ithubhu eliguquguqukayo elinekhamera encane ekugcineni.

Ezinye izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwesisu okusolwayo okusolwayo. Lesi sicubu sizohlolwa ne-HPV.
• I-x-ray yesifuba.
• I-CT scan yesifuba.
• I-CT scan yekhanda nentamo.
• I-MRI yekhanda noma yentamo.
• Ukuskena kwe-PET.

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukususa ngokuphelele umdlavuza nokuwuvikela ukuthi usabalalele nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Lapho isimila sincane, kungasetshenziswa ukukhipha noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe ukususa isimila.

Lapho isimila sikhulu noma sesisabalele kuma-lymph node entanyeni, inhlanganisela yemisebe kanye ne-chemotherapy kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukonga ibhokisi lezwi (izintambo zezwi). Uma lokhu kungenzeki, ibhokisi lezwi liyasuswa. Lokhu kuhlinzwa kubizwa ngokuthi ilaryngectomy.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lonyango oludingayo, izindlela zokwelashwa ezingasetshenziswa ezingadingeka zingafaka:

• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo.
• Ukwelashwa okusiza ngokuhlafuna nokugwinya.
• Ukufunda ukudla amaprotheni anele namakhalori ukugcina isisindo sakho sikhuphukile. Buza umhlinzeki wakho mayelana nezithako zokudla ezingamanzi ezingasiza.
• Siza ngomlomo owomile.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza.Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Umdlavuza womphimbo ungalapheka uma utholwa kusenesikhathi. Uma umdlavuza ungakaze usabalale (ukusasazeka komzimba) kuzicubu ezizungezile noma ama-lymph node entanyeni, cishe isigamu esisodwa seziguli singalapheka. Uma umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph node nasezingxenyeni zomzimba ngaphandle kwekhanda nentamo, umdlavuza awulapheki. Ukwelashwa kuhlose ukwelula nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo.

Kungenzeka kepha akufakazelwa ngokuphelele ukuthi umdlavuza ohlola ukuthi une-HPV kungenzeka ube nemibono engcono. Futhi, abantu ababhemayo iminyaka engaphansi kwengu-10 bangenza kangcono.

Ngemuva kokwelashwa, ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ukusiza ngenkulumo nokugwinya. Uma umuntu engakwazi ukugwinya, kuzodingeka ishubhu lokudla.

Ingozi yokuphindaphinda emdlavuza womphimbo iphezulu kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemi-3 yokuqala yokuxilongwa.

Ukulandelwa njalo ngemuva kokuxilongwa nokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhulisa amathuba okusinda.

Izinkinga zalolu hlobo lomdlavuza zingafaka:

• Ukuvinjelwa komoya
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukukhubazeka kwentamo noma kobuso
• Ukuqina kwesikhumba sentamo
• Ukulahleka kwezwi nokukhuluma
• Ukusabalala komdlavuza kwezinye izindawo zomzimba (metastasis)

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Unezimpawu zomdlavuza womphimbo, ikakhulukazi ukushuba noma ukushintsha kwezwi ngaphandle kwesizathu esisobala esihlala isikhathi eside kunamasonto ama-3
• Uthola isigaxa entanyeni yakho esingapheli emavikini amathathu

Ungabhemi noma usebenzise enye ugwayi. Nciphisa noma ugweme ukusetshenziswa kotshwala.

Imishanguzo ye-HPV enconyelwe izingane kanye nabantu abadala ibhekise kuma-subtypes we-HPV angadala umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Kukhonjisiwe ukuthi kuvikela ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-HPV yomlomo. Akukacaci okwamanje ukuthi nabo bayakwazi yini ukuvimbela umdlavuza womphimbo noma womphimbo.

Umdlavuza wentambo yezwi; Umdlavuza womphimbo; Umdlavuza weLaryngeal; Umdlavuza we-glottis; Umdlavuza we-oropharynx noma i-hypopharynx; Umdlavuza wamatoni; Umdlavuza wesisekelo solimi

• Umlomo owomile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa komdlavuza
• Imisebe yomlomo nentamo - ukukhipha
• Izinkinga zokugwinya

• Ukwakheka komphimbo
• I-Oropharynx

U-Armstrong WB, Vokes DE, Tjoa T, Verma SP. Izimila ezimbi zomphimbo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 105.

Ingadi AS, uMorrison WH. Umdlavuza weLarynx nowe-hypopharynx. Ku: Tepper JE, Foote RL, Michalski JM, eds. I-Gunderson & Tepper's Clinical Radiation Oncology. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 41.

ILorenz RR, Couch ME, iBurkey BB. Ikhanda nentamo. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 33.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza weNasopharyngeal (omdala) (PDQ) - inguqulo yezobuchwepheshe yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/types/head-and-neck/hp/adult/nasopharyngeal-treatment-pdq. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 30, 2019. Kufinyelelwe ngoFebhuwari 12, 2021.

URettig E, uGourin CG, uFakhry C. I-human papillomavirus kanye ne-epidemiology yomdlavuza wekhanda nentamo. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahl. 74.