Izimbobo zamazinyo

Izimbobo zamazinyo ziyizimbobo (noma ukulimala kwesakhiwo) emazinyweni.

Ukubola kwamazinyo kuyisifo esivame kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinganeni nasebancane, kepha kungathinta noma ngubani. Ukubola kwamazinyo kuyimbangela ejwayelekile yokulahleka kwamazinyo kubantu abasha.

Amagciwane ngokuvamile atholakala emlonyeni wakho. Lawa magciwane ashintsha ukudla, ikakhulukazi ushukela nesitashi, akwenza ama-acids. Amagciwane, i-asidi, izingcezu zokudla namathe kuyahlangana emlonyeni kwakha into enamathelayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-plaque. Uqwembe lunamathela emazinyweni. Kuvame kakhulu kuma-molars angemuva, ngenhla nje komugqa wezinsini kuwo wonke amazinyo, nasemaphethelweni okugcwaliswa.

Uqwembe olungasuswa emazinyweni luphenduka into ebizwa nge-tartar, noma i-calculus. I-plaque ne-tartar ziyacasula izinsini, okuholela ku-gingivitis ne-periodontitis.

Uqweqwe luqala ukwakha amazinyo kungakapheli imizuzu engama-20 ngemuva kokudla. Uma ingasuswa, iyoqina futhi iphenduke i-tartar (calculus).

Ama-acids asoqwembe alimaza koqweqwe lwawo olumboze amazinyo akho. Iphinde idale izimbobo ezinyozaneni okuthiwa ama-cavities. Ngokuvamile izimbotshana azilimazi, ngaphandle uma zikhula kakhulu futhi zithinta izinzwa noma zibangele ukuphuka kwamazinyo. Umgodi ongalashwa ungaholela ekuthelelekeni ezingeni elibizwa ngokuthi ithumba lamazinyo. Ukubola kwamazinyo okungalashwa nakho kubulala nengaphakathi lezinyo (uginindela). Lokhu kudinga ukwelashwa okubanzi, noma ukususwa kwezinyo.

Ama-carbohydrate (ushukela namastashi) akhulisa ubungozi bokubola kwamazinyo. Ukudla okunamathelayo kuyingozi kakhulu kunokudla okunganamatheli ngoba kuhlala emazinyweni. Ukudla okulula njalo kukhulisa isikhathi lapho ama-acid athinta khona ebusweni bezinyo.

Kungase kungabikho zimpawu. Uma kwenzeka izimpawu, zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu bezinyo noma ukuzwa okubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokudla okumnandi noma okushisayo noma okubandayo neziphuzo
• Imigodi ebonakalayo noma izimbobo emazinyweni

Iningi lemigodi litholakala ezigabeni zokuqala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamazinyo okuvamile.

Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo kungakhombisa ukuthi ingaphezulu lezinyo lithambile.

Ama-x-ray wamazinyo angabonisa ezinye izimbotshana ngaphambi kokuthi zibonakale ngokumane ubheke amazinyo.

Ukwelashwa kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukulimala kwamazinyo ekuholeni izimbotshana.

Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukugcwalisa
• Imiqhele
• Izimpande zemisele

Odokotela bamazinyo bagcwalisa amazinyo ngokususa into ebolile yamazinyo nge-drill bese befaka okunye okunjenge-resin eyinhlanganisela, i-glass ionomer, noma i-amalgam. Inhlaka eyinhlanganisela ifana kakhulu nokubukeka kwamazinyo emvelo, futhi ikhethwa ngamazinyo angaphambili. Kukhona ukuthambekela kokusebenzisa i-resin eyinhlanganisela yamandla aphezulu emazinyweni angemuva futhi.

Kusetshenziswa imiqhele noma "amakepisi" uma ukubola kwamazinyo kukhulu futhi kunesakhiwo esilinganiselwe samazinyo, okungadala amazinyo abe buthakathaka. Ukugcwaliswa okukhulu namazinyo abuthakathaka kwandisa ingozi yokuphuka kwamazinyo. Indawo ebolile noma ebuthakathaka iyasuswa futhi ilungiswe. Kufakwa umqhele ngaphezu kwensalela yezinyo. Imiqhele ivame ukwenziwa ngegolide, ngobumba noma ngobumba olunamathiselwe ensimbi.

Kunconywa umsele oyimpande uma izinzwa ezisezinyweni zibulawa ukubola noma ukulimala. Isikhungo sezinyo, kufaka phakathi izicubu zomzimba nezomthambo wegazi (uginindela), ziyasuswa kanye nezingxenye ezibolile zezinyo. Izimpande zigcwele okokufaka uphawu. Izinyo ligcwalisiwe, futhi umqhele uyadingeka ezimweni eziningi.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukonga izinyo. Ukwelashwa akubuhlungu kangako futhi akubizi uma kwenziwa kusenesikhathi.

Ungadinga imishanguzo yokundikindiki kanye nemithi yobuhlungu kadokotela ukuze udambise izinhlungu ngesikhathi noma ngemuva komsebenzi wamazinyo.

I-nitrous oxide ene-anesthetic yendawo noma eminye imithi ingaba yindlela ongayisebenzisa uma wesaba ukwelashwa kwamazinyo.

Izikhala zamazinyo zingaholela ku:

• Ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu
• Izinyo eliqhekekile
• Ukwehluleka ukuluma ngezinyo
• Ithumba lezinyo
• Ukuzwela kwamazinyo
• Ukutheleleka kwethambo
• Ukulahleka kwamathambo

Shayela udokotela wamazinyo wakho uma unezinhlungu, ungaphatheki kahle noma ubone izindawo ezimnyama emazinyweni akho.

Bona udokotela wamazinyo wakho ukuze uhlanzwe futhi uhlolwe njalo uma ungakatholi lutho kulezi zinyanga eziyisithupha ezidlule.

Ukuhlanzeka ngomlomo kuyadingeka ukuvimbela izimbotshana. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlanza okujwayelekile kochwepheshe (njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha), ukuxubha okungenani kabili ngosuku, nokufaka ama-floss okungenani nsuku zonke. Ama-X-ray angathathwa minyaka yonke ukuthola ukukhula komgodi ezindaweni eziyingozi emlonyeni.

Kungcono ukudla ukudla okuhlafunayo, okunamathelayo (njengezithelo ezomisiwe noma uswidi) njengengxenye yokudla kunokuba kube wedwa njengokudla okulula. Uma kungenzeka, xubha amazinyo noma ugeze umlomo ngamanzi ngemuva kokudla lokhu kudla. Nciphisa ukudla okulula, ngoba kudala ukunikezwa kwe-asidi njalo emlonyeni wakho. Gwema ukuphuza njalo iziphuzo ezinoshukela noma ukumunca njalo uswidi naminti.

Ama-sealants wamazinyo angavimbela ezinye izimbotshana. Ama-sealants ayingubo emincane efana nepulasitiki efakwa ezindaweni ezihlafunwayo zemikhipha. Le ngubo ivimbela ukwakheka kocwecwe ezindaweni ezinemifantu ezijulile kulezi zindawo. Ama-sealants avamise ukufakwa emazinyweni ezingane, ngemuva nje kokungena kwemihlathi. Abantu asebekhulile nabo bangazuza kuma-sealants ezinyo.

I-fluoride ivame ukunconywa ukuthi ivikele ekubola kwamazinyo. Abantu abathola i-fluoride emanzini abo okuphuza noma ngokuthatha izithako ze-fluoride abanamazinyo amancane.

I-topical fluoride nayo inconywa ukuvikela ubuso bamazinyo. Lokhu kungafaka umuthi wokuxubha we-fluoride noma i-mouthwash. Odokotela abaningi bamazinyo bafaka ukufaka izixazululo ze-topical fluoride (ezifakwe endaweni yamazinyo) njengengxenye yokuvakashelwa okujwayelekile.

Ama-Caries; Ukubola kwamazinyo; Izimbotshana - izinyo

• Ukwakheka kwamazinyo
• Ukubola kwamazinyo ezingane zamabhodlela

Chow AW. Ukutheleleka komlomo, intamo nenhloko. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. IMandell, iDouglas kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 64.

I-Dhar V. Ukukhubazeka kwamazinyo. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 338.

URutter P. Gastroenterology. Ku: Rutter P, ed. Ikhemisi Yomphakathi. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 7.