Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-basal ganglia

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-basal ganglia kuyinkinga ngezakhiwo zobuchopho ezijulile ezisiza ukuqala nokulawula ukunyakaza.

Izimo ezibangela ukulimala ebuchosheni zingalimaza i-basal ganglia. Izimo ezinjalo zifaka:

• Ubuthi be-Carbon monoxide
• Ukweqisa izidakamizwa
• Ukulimala ekhanda
• Ukutheleleka
• Isifo sesibindi
• Izinkinga ze-Metabolic
• I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Ubuthi ngethusi, i-manganese, noma enye insimbi esindayo
• Unhlangothi
• Izimila

Imbangela ejwayelekile yalokhu okutholakele ukusetshenziswa okungapheli kwemithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-schizophrenia.

Ukuphazamiseka okuningi kobuchopho kuhlotshaniswa nokungasebenzi kahle kwe-basal ganglia. Kubandakanya:

• I-Dystonia (izinkinga zethoni yemisipha)
• Isifo i-Huntington (ukuphazamiseka lapho amangqamuzana ezinzwa ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho esonakala, noma ewohloka)
• Multiple system atrophy (ukusabalala kwesistimu yezinzwa)
• Isifo se-Parkinson
• Progressive supranuclear palsy (ukunyakaza kwesifo kusuka ekulimaleni kwamanye amangqamuzana emizwa ebuchosheni)
• Isifo i-Wilson (ukuphazamiseka okubangela ithusi eliningi kakhulu ezicutshini zomzimba)

Ukulimala kumaseli we-basal ganglia kungadala izinkinga zokulawula ukukhuluma, ukunyakaza, nokuma komzimba. Le nhlanganisela yezimpawu ibizwa nge-parkinsonism.

Umuntu one-basal ganglia dysfunction angaba nobunzima ukuqala, ukumisa, noma ukugcina ukunyakaza. Ngokuya ngokuthi iyiphi indawo yobuchopho ethintekile, kungahle kube nezinkinga ngememori nezinye izinqubo zokucabanga.

Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ziyahlukahluka futhi zingafaka:

• Izinguquko zokuhamba, njengokuhamba okungazibandakanyi noma okuhamba kancane
• Ukwandisa ithoni yemisipha
• Ukuqhuma kwemisipha nokuqina kwemisipha
• Izinkinga zokuthola amagama
• Ukuthuthumela
• Ukunyakaza okungalawuleki, okuphindaphindwayo, inkulumo, noma ukukhala (ama-tics)
• Ubunzima bokuhamba

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba abuze ngezimpawu nomlando wezokwelapha.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nezithombe kungadingeka. Lokhu kungafaka:

• I-CT neMRI yekhanda
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
• I-Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) ukubheka imithambo yegazi entanyeni nasebuchosheni
• I-Positron emission tomography (PET) ukubheka imetabolism yobuchopho
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola ushukela wegazi, ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, ukusebenza kwesibindi, namazinga wensimbi nethusi

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu sokuphazamiseka.

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuya ngesizathu sokungasebenzi kahle. Ezinye izimbangela ziyabuyiselwa emuva, kanti ezinye zidinga ukwelashwa impilo yonke.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unokunyakaza okungajwayelekile noma okungazibandakanyi, uwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo, noma uma wena noma abanye nibona ukuthi niyatatazela noma nihamba kancane.

Isifo se-Extrapyramidal; Ama-Antipsychotic - i-extrapyramidal

Isifo sikaJankovic J. Parkinson nezinye izinkinga zokuhamba. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 96.

Okun MS, Lang AE. Ezinye izinkinga zokuhamba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 382.

UVestal E, uRusher A, Ikeda K, uMelnick M. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-basal nuclei. Ku: Lazaro RT, Reina-Guerra SG, Quiben MU, abahleli. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Neurological Rehabilitation ka-Umphred. Umhla wesi-7. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 18.