Umdlavuza wegilo

Umdlavuza wegilo ngumdlavuza oqala ngendlala yegilo. Indlala yegilo itholakala ngaphakathi ngaphambili kwentamo yakho engezansi.

Umdlavuza wegilo ungenzeka kubantu banoma yimuphi ubudala.

Imisebe inyusa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wegilo. Ukuvezwa kungenzeka kusuka ku:

• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe entanyeni (ikakhulukazi ebuntwaneni)
• Ukuchayeka ngemisebe evela ezinhlekeleleni zezitshalo zenuzi

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi umlando womndeni womdlavuza we-thyroid kanye ne-goiter engapheli (i-thyroid ekhulisiwe).

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wegilo:

• I-Anaplastic carcinoma (ebizwa nangokuthi yi-giant and spindle cell cancer) iyindlela eyingozi kakhulu yomdlavuza wegilo. Akuvamile, futhi isakazeka ngokushesha.
• Isimila esilandelayo kungenzeka sibuye futhi sisabalale.
• IMedullary carcinoma ingumdlavuza wamangqamuzana akhiqiza ama-hormone angenayo i-thyroid ajwayele ukuba khona endlala yegilo. Leli fomu lomdlavuza wegilo livame ukwenzeka emindenini.
• I-Papillary carcinoma uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, futhi luvame ukuthinta abesifazane abaseminyakeni yobudala bokuzala. Isakazeka kancane futhi iluhlobo lomdlavuza wegilo oluyingozi kakhulu.

Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza wegilo, kepha zingafaka:

• Khwehlela
• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukwandiswa kwendlala yegilo
• Ukubola noma ukushintsha kwezwi
• Ukuvuvukala kwentamo
• Isigaxa segilo (nodule)

Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Lokhu kungaveza isigaxa ku-thyroid, noma ama-lymph node avuvukile entanyeni.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kweCalcitonin ukuhlola umdlavuza wegilo we-medullary
• I-Laryngoscopy (ibheka ngaphakathi komphimbo isebenzisa isibuko noma ishubhu eliguquguqukayo elibizwa ngokuthi i-laryngoscope ebekwe ngomlomo) ukuhlola ukusebenza kwentambo
• I-biopsy ye-thyroid, engafaka ukuhlolwa kofuzo kwamaseli atholwe ku-biopsy
• Iskena sendlala yegilo
• I-TSH, i-T4 yamahhala (ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngomsebenzi wegilo)
• I-Ultrasound yegilo kanye nezindlala zamanzi entanyeni
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-CT kwentamo (ukuthola ubukhulu besifo somdlavuza)
• Ukuskena kwe-PET

Ukwelashwa kuya ngohlobo lomdlavuza wegilo. Ukwelashwa kwezinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza wegilo kuyasebenza uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa. Yonke noma ingxenye yendlala yegilo ingasuswa. Uma umhlinzeki wakho esola ukuthi umdlavuza ususabalele kuma-lymph node entanyeni, nawo azosuswa. Uma enye yegciwane lakho le-thyroid lihlala, uzodinga i-ultrasound yokulandelela futhi mhlawumbe nezinye izifundo ukuthola noma yikuphi ukuvuselelwa komdlavuza we-thyroid.

Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa noma ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Kungenziwa ngu:

• Ukuthatha iodine enemisebe yomlomo ngomlomo
• Kuhloswe ngemisebe yangaphandle (x-ray) radiation ku-thyroid

Ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza we-thyroid, kufanele uthathe amaphilisi e-hormone yegilo impilo yakho yonke. Umthamo uvame ukuphakama kancane kunalokho okudingwa ngumzimba wakho. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni umdlavuza ungabuyi.Amaphilisi futhi angena esikhundleni sehomoni yegilo umzimba wakho odinga ukusebenza kahle.

Uma umdlavuza ungaphenduli ekuhlinzweni noma emisebeni, futhi ususabalele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, i-chemotherapy noma i-therapy ehlosiwe ingasetshenziswa. Lokhu kusebenza kuphela kubantu abambalwa.

Unganciphisa ukucindezela kokugula ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela umdlavuza. Ukwabelana nabanye abanokuhlangenwe nakho okuvamile nezinkinga kungakusiza ungazizwa uwedwa.

Izinkinga zomdlavuza we-thyroid zingafaka:

• Ukulimala ebhokisini lezwi nokuhhahazela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwegilo
• Izinga le-calcium eliphansi ekususweni ngengozi kwezindlala ze-parathyroid ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa
• Ukusabalala komdlavuza emaphashini, emathanjeni, noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ubona isigaxa entanyeni yakho.

Akukho ukuvimbela okwaziwayo. Ukuqwashisa ngengozi (njengokwelashwa ngemisebe kwangaphambilini entanyeni) kungavumela ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwangaphambilini.

Kwesinye isikhathi, abantu abanemilando yomndeni kanye nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okuhlobene nomdlavuza wegilo kuzosuswa indlala yabo yegilo ukuvimbela umdlavuza.

Isimila - indlala yegilo; Umdlavuza - i-thyroid; UNodule - umdlavuza wegilo; I-papillary thyroid carcinoma; I-medullary thyroid carcinoma; I-Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma; Umdlavuza we-thyroid olandelayo

• Ukususwa kwendlala yegilo - ukukhishwa

• Izindlala ze-Endocrine
• Umdlavuza wegilo - CT scan
• Umdlavuza wegilo - CT scan
• Ukuqhekeka kokuhlinzwa kwe-thyroid gland
• Indlala yegilo

UHaugen BR, u-Alexander Erik K, u-Bible KC, et al. Imihlahlandlela Yokuphathwa Kombutho We-American American Thyroid Association yeziguli ezindala ezinamaqhuqhuva e-thyroid nomdlavuza we-thyroid owehlukanisayo: I-American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force kumaqhuqhuva e-thyroid nokuhlukanisa umdlavuza wegilo. Indlala yegilo. 2016; 26 (1): 1-133. I-PMID: 26462967 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26462967/.

UJonklaas J, Cooper DS. Indlala yegilo. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 213.

Iwebhusayithi yeNational Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wegilo (omdala) (PDQ) - inguqulo yesikhashana yezempilo. www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/thyroid/HealthProfessional. Kubuyekezwe uMeyi 14, 2020. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Agasti 3, 2020.

USmith PW, uHanks LR, uSalomone LJ, uHanks JB. Indlala yegilo. Ku: Townsend CM Jr, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. ISabiston Incwadi Yokuhlinzwa. Umhla ka-20. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 36.

Thompson LDR. Ama-neoplasms amabi endlala yegilo. Ku: Thompson LDR, uMbhishobhi JA, ama-eds. IPathology neNhloko. 3rd ed. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 25.