Ingxibongo

Ingxibongo yisifo esibi esidluliseka kalula sisuka kumuntu siye komunye (esithathelanayo). Kubangelwa igciwane.

Ingxibongo isakazeka isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye isuka emaconsi amathe. Kungasakazeka kusuka kumashidi okulala nezingubo. Kuyathathelana kakhulu phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokutheleleka. Ingase iqhubeke nokusabalalisa kuze kufike uqweqwe oluvela emqubeni. Igciwane lingahlala liphila phakathi kwamahora ayisithupha kuya kwangu-24.

Abantu bake bagonyelwa lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo siqediwe kusukela ngo-1979. I-United States yayeka ukunikeza umuthi wokugomela ingxibongo ngo-1972. Ngo-1980, iWorld Health Organization (WHO) yancoma ukuthi wonke amazwe ayeke ukugoma ingxibongo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zengxibongo:

• I-Variola enkulu yisifo esibi esingasongela impilo yabantu abangakagonywe. Kwakunenani elikhulu lokufa kwabantu.
• I-Variola minor ukutheleleka okunamandla okungajwayelekile kubangele ukufa.

Uhlelo olukhulu lwe-WHO lwaqothula wonke amagciwane engxibongo eyaziwayo emhlabeni ngawo-1970, ngaphandle kwamasampula ambalwa alondolozelwa ucwaningo lukahulumeni futhi athathwa njengama-bioweapon. Abaphenyi bayaqhubeka nokuphikisana ngokuthi kungabulawa amasampula okugcina aleli gciwane noma cha, noma ukuligcina uma kungenzeka kube nesizathu esizayo sokulitadisha.

Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlakulele ingxibongo uma:

• Ngumsebenzi waselabhorethri ophatha igciwane (akuvamile)
• Zisendaweni lapho igciwane likhishwe khona njengesikhali semvelo

Akukaziwa ukuthi imijovo edlule yokugoma ihlala isikhathi eside kangakanani. Abantu abathole umuthi wokugoma eminyakeni eminingi eyedlule kungenzeka bangabe besavikeleka ngokuphelele kuleligciwane.

UBUNGOZI BOBUPHEPHA

Kunokukhathazeka ukuthi igciwane lengxibongo lingasakazeka njengengxenye yokuhlaselwa kobuphekula. Leli gciwane lingasakazeka ngendlela yesifutho (i-aerosol).

Izimpawu zivame ukwenzeka cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-14 ngemuva kokutheleleka ngaleli gciwane. Zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu beqolo
• I-Delirium
• Uhudo
• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukukhathala
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu
• UMalaise
• Ukuqubuka okupinki okukhuphukile, kuphenduka izilonda eziba ngoqweqwe ngosuku lwesi-8 noma lwesi-9
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Izivivinyo zifaka:

• Iphaneli ye-DIC
• Ukubalwa kweplatelet
• Isibalo samangqamuzana amhlophe egazi

Ukuhlola okukhethekile kwelabhorethri kungasetshenziswa ukukhomba igciwane.

Umuthi wokugomela ingxibongo ungavimbela ukugula noma wehlise izimpawu uma unikezwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-4 ngemuva kokuthi umuntu evezwe yilesi sifo. Lapho nje izimpawu seziqalile, ukwelashwa kunqunyelwe.

NgoJulayi 2013, izifundo ezingama-59,000 zemithi elwa namagciwane i-tecovirimat zilethwe yi-SIGA Technologies ku-Strategic National Stockpile kahulumeni wase-United States ukuze isetshenziswe esehlakalweni se-bioterrorism. AbakwaSIGA bafaka isicelo sokuvikela ukuqothuka ngo-2014.

Ama-antibiotic anganikezwa ngokutheleleka okwenzeka kubantu abanengxibongo. Ukuthatha ama-antibody alwa nesifo esifana nengxibongo (vaccinia immune globulin) kungasiza ukunciphisa isikhathi sokugula.

Abantu okutholwe ukuthi banengxibongo nabantu abebesondelene kakhulu nabo badinga ukuhlukaniswa ngokushesha. Bazodinga ukuthola umuthi wokugoma futhi babhekwe ngeso elibukhali.

Esikhathini esedlule, lesi bekuyisifo esikhulu. Ingozi yokufa yayiphezulu ngama-30%.

Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwamathambo namathambo
• Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho (encephalitis)
• Ukufa
• Ukutheleleka kweso
• Inyumoniya
• Kubabaza
• Ukopha kakhulu
• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba (kusuka ezilondeni)

Uma ucabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uvezwe yingxibongo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Ukuthintana naleli gciwane cishe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthi usebenze naleli gciwane ebhodini noma udalulwe nge-bioterrorism.

Abantu abaningi babegonyelwa ingxibongo esikhathini esedlule. Umuthi wokugoma awusanikezwa umphakathi jikelele. Uma umuthi wokugoma udinga ukunikezwa ukulawula ukubheduka, ungaba nengozi encane yezinkinga. Njengamanje, abasebenzi bezempi kuphela, abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, kanye nabaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo abangawuthola umuthi wokugoma.

I-Variola - enkulu futhi encane; Variola

• Izilonda zengxibongo

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Ingxibongo. www.cdc.gov/smallpox/index.html. Kubuyekezwe uJulayi 12, 2017. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Ephreli 17, 2019.

UDamon IK. Ingxibongo, i-monkeypox, nokunye ukutheleleka nge-poxvirus. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 372.

UPeteren BW, uDamon IK. Ama-orthopoxviruses: i-vaccinia (umuthi wokugomela ingxibongo), i-variola (ingxibongo), i-monkeypox, ne-cowpox. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: isahluko 135.