Isimila somgogodla

Isimila somgogodla ukukhula kwamaseli (ubukhulu) ngaphakathi noma ezungeze intambo yomgogodla.

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesimila lungenzeka emgogodleni, kufaka phakathi izicubu zokuqala nezesibili.

Izicubu eziyinhloko: iningi lalezi zicubu zinobungozi futhi zikhula kancane.

• I-Astrocytoma: isimila samaseli asekelayo angaphakathi kwentambo yomgogodla
• I-Meningioma: isimila sezicubu ezihlanganisa umgogodla
• ISchwannoma: isimila samaseli azungeze imicu yezinzwa
• I-Ependymoma: isimila samaseli sigudla izimbotshana zobuchopho
• I-Lipoma: isimila samaseli anonile

Izicubu zesibili noma imastastasis: lezi zicubu ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza aqhamuka kwezinye izindawo zomzimba.

• Umdlavuza wesibeletho, wamaphaphu nowamabele
• I-leukemia: umdlavuza wegazi oqala kumaseli amhlophe emnkantsheni wethambo
• I-Lymphoma: umdlavuza wezicubu ze-lymph
• I-Myeloma: umdlavuza wegazi oqala kumaseli we-plasma womnkantsha

Imbangela yamathumba omgogodla ayaziwa. Ezinye izicubu eziyinhloko zomgogodla zenzeka ngokushintshwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile.

Izicubu zomgogodla zingatholakala:

• Ngaphakathi komgogodla (intramedullary)
• Ezingqimbeni (ama-meninges) amboza intambo yomgogodla (i-extramedullary - intradural)
• Phakathi kwama-meninges namathambo omgogodla (ngaphandle)
• Emathanjeni omgogodla

Njengoba sikhula, isimila singathinta okulandelayo:

• Imithambo yegazi
• Amathambo omgogodla
• Amadoda
• Izimpande zemizwa
• Amaseli wezintambo zomgogodla

Isimila singacindezela emgogodleni noma ezimpandeni zemizwa, sidale umonakalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umonakalo ungaba unomphela.

Izimpawu zincike endaweni, uhlobo lwesimila, nasempilweni yakho ejwayelekile. Izicubu zesibili ezisabalalele emgogodleni zisuka kwenye indawo (izicubu zemetastatic) zivame ukuthuthuka ngokushesha. Izicubu eziyinhloko zivame ukuthuthuka kancane emasontweni kuya eminyakeni.

Izimpawu zingafaka:

• Imizwa engajwayelekile noma ukulahleka kwemizwa, ikakhulukazi emilenzeni
• Ubuhlungu beqolo obuya buba bucayi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, buvame ukuba maphakathi noma emuva, buvame ukuba bukhulu futhi bungaqedwa yimithi yezinhlungu, buba bukhulu lapho ulele noma ucindezela (njengesikhathi sokukhwehlela noma ukuthimula), futhi bungadlulela ezinqeni noma imilenze
• Ukulahleka kokulawulwa kwamathumbu, ukuvuza kwesisu
• Ukuphambana kwemisipha, ama-twitch, noma ama-spasms (ama-fasciculations)
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha (ukuncipha kwamandla emisipha) emilenzeni edala ukuwa, kwenza ukuhamba kube nzima, futhi kungahle kube kubi (kuqhubeke) futhi kuholele ekukhubazekeni

Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu yezinzwa (i-neurological) kungasiza ukukhomba indawo yesimila. Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angathola futhi okulandelayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa:

• Izimo ezingejwayelekile
• Ukwandisa ithoni yemisipha
• Ukulahlekelwa ubuhlungu nokuzwela kokushisa
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ubumnene emgogodleni

Lezi zivivinyo zingaqinisekisa isimila somgogodla:

• Umgogodla CT
• I-MRI yomgogodla
• I-x-ray yomgogodla
• Ukuhlolwa kweCerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• I-Myelogram

Inhloso yokwelashwa ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ukulimala kwezinzwa okubangelwa ukucindezelwa (kokucindezelwa) komgogodla futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uyakwazi ukuhamba.

Ukwelashwa kufanele kunikezwe ngokushesha. Lapho izimpawu zisheshe zivele, kudingeka ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukulimala unomphela. Noma yikuphi ubuhlungu obusha emuva noma obungachazeki esigulini esinomdlavuza kufanele kuphenywe kahle.

Ukwelashwa kufaka:

• I-Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) inganikezwa ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala okuzungeze umgogodla.
• Ukuhlinzwa okuphuthumayo kungadingeka ukukhulula ukucindezelwa kwentambo yomgogodla. Ezinye izicubu zingasuswa ngokuphelele. Kwezinye izimo, ingxenye yesimila ingasuswa ukunciphisa ingcindezi entanjeni yomgogodla.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungasetshenziswa ngokuhlinzwa, noma esikhundleni salokho.
• I-Chemotherapy ayikaze iboniswe ukuthi iyasebenza ngokumelene nezicubu zomgogodla eziyinhloko, kepha kunganconywa kwezinye izimo, ngokuya ngohlobo lwesimila.
• Ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kungadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla emisipha kanye namandla okusebenza ngokuzimela.

Umphumela uyehluka kuye ngesimila. Ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kuvame ukuholela emphumeleni ongcono.

Ukulimala kwemithambo yegazi kuvame ukuqhubeka, ngisho nangemva kokuhlinzwa. Yize kungenzeka ukuthi inani elithile lokukhubazeka unomphela, ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungabambezela ukukhubazeka okukhulu nokufa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma unomlando womdlavuza futhi uhlakulele ubuhlungu obukhulu beqolo obuzuma noma buba bubi kakhulu.

Iya egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ushayele ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo uma uba nezimpawu ezintsha, noma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokwelapha isimila somgogodla.

Isimila - umgogodla

• Vertebrae
• Isimila somgogodla

UDeAngelis LM. Izimila zesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 180.

UJakubovic R, uRuschin M, uTseng CL, uPejovic-Milic A, iSahgal A, uYang VXD. Ukuhlinzwa kabusha ngokuhlelwa kokwelashwa ngemisebe yezicubu zomgogodla. I-Neurosurgery. 2019; 84 (6): 1242-1250. I-PMID: 29796646 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29796646/.

UMoron FE, uDelumpa A, uSzklaruk J. Izimila zomgogodla. Ku: Haaga JR, Boll DT, ama-eds. I-CT ne-MRI yawo wonke umzimba. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 30.

UNiglas M, Tseng CL, Dea N, Chang E, Lo S, Sahgal A.Ukucindezelwa kwentambo yomgogodla. Ku: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, abahleli. I-Abeloff’s Clinical Oncology. Umhlaka 6. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 54.