Izimpumputhe

Izimpumputhe yisifo esithathelwanayo esiholela ekuqhumeni okubuhlungu kwezindlala zamathe. Izindlala ezikhiqiza amathe zikhiqiza amathe, uketshezi olumanzisa ukudla futhi kukusize ukuhlafuna nokugwinya.

Izimpumputhe zibangelwa igciwane. Leli gciwane lisakazeka lisuke kumuntu liye kumuntu ngamaconsi omswakama avela emakhaleni nasemlonyeni, njengokuthimula. Iphinde isatshalaliswe ngokuthintana ngqo nezinto ezithinte amathe kuzo.

Izimpumputhe zivame ukwenzeka ezinganeni ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwengu-12 ezingazange zigonyelwe lesi sifo. Kodwa-ke, ukutheleleka kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi futhi kungabonakala nakwabafundi beminyaka yasekolishi.

Isikhathi esiphakathi kokuchayeka kuleligciwane nokugula (isikhathi sokufukamela) cishe izinsuku eziyi-12 kuye kwengama-25.

Izimpumputhe zingaphinde zithinte:

• Isistimu yezinzwa ephakathi
• Amapancreas
• Ukuhlolwa

Izimpawu zemumpa zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu ebusweni
• Imfiva
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda
• Umphimbo obuhlungu
• Ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuvuvukala kwezindlala ze-parotid (izindlala ezinkulu kunazo zonke, eziphakathi kwendlebe nomhlathi)
• Ukuvuvukala kwamathempeli noma umhlathi (indawo ye-temporomandibular)

Ezinye izimpawu ezingenzeka kwabesilisa yilezi:

• Isigaxa sesende
• Ubuhlungu besende
• Ukuvuvukala kwescrotal

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa abuze ngezimpawu, ikakhulukazi lapho ziqala.

Azikho izivivinyo ezidingekayo ezimweni eziningi. Umhlinzeki uvamise ukuxilonga imvukuzane ngokubheka izimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Akukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwezimungulu. Izinto ezilandelayo zingenziwa ukunciphisa izimpawu:

• Faka ama-ice noma amaphakethe okushisa endaweni yentamo.
• Thatha i-acetaminophen (iTylenol) ukudambisa izinhlungu. UNGANIKI i-aspirin ezinganeni ezinezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngenxa yengozi ye-Reye syndrome.
• Phuza uketshezi oluthe xaxa.
• Yidla ukudla okuthambile.
• Hlikihla ngamanzi anosawoti afudumele.

Abantu abanalesi sifo benza kahle isikhathi esiningi, noma ngabe izitho ziyabandakanyeka. Ngemuva kokuthi ukugula kudlulile ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-7, bazovikeleka kumgogodla impilo yabo yonke.

Ukutheleleka kwezinye izitho kungenzeka, kufaka phakathi ukuvuvukala kwesende (orchitis).

Xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho uma wena noma ingane yakho inezimungulu kanye no:

• Amehlo abomvu
• Ukozela njalo
• Ukuhlanza okungapheli noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu
• Ubuhlungu noma isigaxa esendeni

Shayela ku-911 noma inombolo ephuthumayo yendawo noma uvakashele igumbi lezimo eziphuthumayo uma kwenzeka ukuquleka.

Ukugonywa kwe-MMR (umuthi wokugoma) kuvikela isimungumungwane, imvukuzane nerubella. Kufanele inikezwe izingane kule minyaka:

• Umthamo wokuqala: izinyanga eziyi-12 kuya kwezingu-15 ubudala
• Umthamo wesibili: iminyaka engu-4 kuya kwengu-6 ubudala

Abantu abadala nabo bangawuthola umuthi wokugoma. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho ngalokhu.

Ukuqhamuka kwakamuva komgogodla kusekele ukubaluleka kokuthi zonke izingane zigonywe.

Umqedazwe parotitis; I-parotitis yegciwane; I-parotitis

• Izindlala zekhanda nezentamo

I-Litman N, iBaum SG. Igciwane lesifo. Ku: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, ama-eds. Mandell, Douglas, kanye neBennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 157.

UMason WH, amaGans HA. Izimpumputhe. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 275.

UPatel M, uGnann JW. Izimpumputhe. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 345.