I-Craniosynostosis

I-Craniosynostosis ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa lapho i-suture eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ekhanda lengane ivala ngaphambi kwesikhathi esivamile.

Ugebhezi lwengane noma ingane encane lwakhiwa amapuleti amathambo asakhula. Imingcele lapho la macwecwe ahlangana khona abizwa ngokuthi imigqa yokuthunga noma imigqa yokuthunga. Imisipha ivumela ukukhula kogebhezi. Imvamisa ziyavala ("fuse") lapho ingane isineminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala.

Ukuvalwa kokuqala komthungo kudala ukuthi ingane ibe nekhanda elibunjwe ngokungajwayelekile. Lokhu kungakhawulela ukukhula kobuchopho.

Isizathu se-craniosynostosis asaziwa. Izakhi zofuzo zingadlala indima, kepha imvamisa awukho umlando womndeni waleso simo. Kaningi, kungabangelwa ingcindezi yangaphandle ekhanda lengane ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwesisekelo sogebhezi nolwelwesi oluzungeze amathambo ogebhezi kukholakala ukuthi kuthinta ukuhamba nokuma kwamathambo njengoba ekhula.

Ezimweni lapho lokhu kudluliselwa emindenini, kungahle kwenzeke nezinye izinkinga zempilo, njengokuhlaselwa, ukuncipha kobuhlakani nokungaboni. Izinkinga zofuzo ezivame ukuxhunyaniswa ne-craniosynostosis zifaka phakathi i-Crouzon, i-Apert, i-Carpenter, i-Saethre-Chotzen ne-Pfeiffer syndromes.

Kodwa-ke, iningi lezingane ezine-craniosynostosis ziphilile futhi zinobuhlakani obujwayelekile.

Izimpawu zincike ohlotsheni lwe-craniosynostosis. Zingafaka:

• Ayikho "indawo ethambile" (fontanelle) kugebhezi lomntwana osanda kuzalwa
• Ummango onzima ophakanyisiwe eduze kwemisipha ethintekile
• Isimo sekhanda esingajwayelekile
• Ukwanda kancane noma akukho ngosayizi wekhanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ingane ikhula

Izinhlobo ze-craniosynostosis yilezi:

• I-Sagittal synostosis (scaphocephaly) uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ithinta umthungo oyinhloko phezulu kwekhanda. Ukuvala kokuqala kuphoqa ikhanda ukuthi likhule libe lide futhi libe mncane, esikhundleni sobubanzi. Izingane ezinalolu hlobo zivame ukuba nesiphongo esibanzi. Kuvame kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazane.
• I -ipioiophphaly yangaphambili uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Ithinta umthungo oqala endlebeni uye endlebeni ngaphezulu kwekhanda. Imvamisa kwenzeka ohlangothini olulodwa nje, kubangele isiphongo esicabalele, ishiya eliphakanyisiwe, nendlebe evelele kulolo hlangothi. Impumulo yengane nayo ingahle ibonakale idonsela ngakulolo hlangothi. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu emantombazaneni kunabafana.
• I-Metopic synostosis iyifomu engajwayelekile ethinta umthungo osondele ebunzini. Ukuma kwekhanda kwengane kungachazwa njenge-trigonocephaly, ngoba ingaphezulu lekhanda livela elingunxantathu, linebunzi elincane noma elikhonjiwe. Kungaba kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzozwa ikhanda lomntwana futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungenziwa:

• Ukulinganisa ukuzungeza kwekhanda losana
• Ama-X-ray ogebhezi
• I-CT scan yekhanda

Ukuvakashelwa kahle kwezingane kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwengane yakho. Bavumela umhlinzeki ukuthi ahlole njalo ukukhula kwekhanda lomntanakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhomba noma yiziphi izinkinga kusenesikhathi.

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukudingeka. Kwenziwa ngenkathi ingane isewusana. Izinhloso zokuhlinzwa yilezi:

• Yehlisa noma iyiphi ingcindezi ebuchosheni.
• Qiniseka ukuthi kunendawo eyanele kugebhezi ukuvumela ubuchopho ukuthi bukhule kahle.
• Thuthukisa ukubukeka kwekhanda lengane.

Ukuthi ingane yenza kahle kangakanani kuya ngokuthi:

• Mangaki ama-suture abandakanyekayo
• Impilo ephelele yengane

Izingane ezinalesi simo ezihlinzwayo zenza kahle ezimweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma isimo singahlotshaniswa ne-genetic syndrome.

I-Craniosynostosis ibangela ukukhubazeka kwekhanda okungaba nzima futhi kube unomphela uma kungalungiswa. Izinkinga zingafaka:

• Ukwanda kwengcindezi yokungasebenzi
• Ukuquleka
• Ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko

Shayela umhlinzeki wengane yakho uma ingane yakho ine:

• Isimo sekhanda esingajwayelekile
• Izinkinga ngokukhula
• Imiqansa ephakanyiswe ngokungajwayelekile okhakhayini

Ukuvalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwemisipho; I-Synostosis; I-Plagiocephaly; Scaphocephaly; Ifontianelle - craniosynostosis; Indawo ethambile - i-craniosynostosis

• Ukulungiswa kwe-Craniosynostosis - ukukhipha

• Ukhakhayi losana olusanda kuzalwa

Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvimbelwa Kwezifo iwebhusayithi. Amaqiniso nge-craniosynostosis. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/craniosynostosis.html. Kubuyekezwe ngoNovemba 1, 2018. Kufinyelelwe ngo-Okthoba 24, 2019.

UGraham JM, iSanchez-Lara PA. I-Craniosynostosis: ejwayelekile. Ku: Graham JM, Sanchez-Lara PA, ama-eds. Amaphethini aKwaziwa nguSmith Wokuguquguquka Komuntu. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 29.

UKinsman SL, uJohnston MV. Okuzenzakalelayo kokuzalwa kwesistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 609.

UMandela R, uBellew M, uChumas P, uNash H. Umthelela wesikhathi sokuhlinzwa se-craniosynostosis emiphumeleni ye-neurodevelopmental: ukubuyekeza okuhlelekile. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019; 23 (4): 442-454. I-PMID: 30684935 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30684935/.