Ukushayela okuphephile kwentsha

Ukufunda ukushayela kuyisikhathi esijabulisayo sentsha nabazali bayo. Ivula izinketho eziningi zentsha, kepha futhi inobungozi. Intsha eneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-15 nengama-24 inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokufa kwabantu okuhlobene nezimoto. Izinga liphezulu kakhulu ezinsizweni.

Abazali nentsha kufanele bazi izindawo ezinenkinga futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokugwema izingozi.

ZIBOPHELELE EKUPHEPHENI

Intsha nayo idinga ukuzibophezela ekushayeleni okuphephile futhi okunokwethenjelwa ukuze ithuthukise izingqinamba ezibasizayo.

• Ukushayela budedengu kuseyingozi entsheni - ngisho nangezici zokuphepha kwezimoto.
• Bonke abashayeli abasha kufanele bathathe izifundo zokushayela. Lezi zifundo zinganciphisa ubungozi bokuphahlazeka.

Abashayeli nabagibeli kufanele basebenzise izici zokuphepha kwezimoto ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amabhande esihlalo, imichilo yamahlombe namakhanda. Shayela kuphela izimoto ezinezikhwama zomoya, amadeshi anephedi, ingilazi yezokuphepha, amakholomu okuqondisa awelekayo, namabhuleki alwa nokhiye.

Izingozi zezimoto nazo ziyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa kwezinsana nezingane. Izinsana nezingane ezincane kufanele ziboshwe kahle esihlalweni sokuphepha kwengane esilingana kahle esifakwe kahle emotweni.

GWEMA UKUHAMBA NGEZITHUTHU

Iziphazamiso ziyinkinga yabo bonke abashayeli. Ungasebenzisi amaselula ukukhuluma, ukuthumela imiyalezo noma ukuthumela i-imeyili uma ushayela.

• Omakhalekhukhwini kufanele bacishwe uma ushayela ukuze ungalingeki ukushaya izingcingo, ukuthumela noma ukufunda imibhalo, noma ukuphendula ucingo.
• Uma izingcingo zishiyelwe ukusetshenziswa okuphuthumayo, phuma emgwaqeni ngaphambi kokuphendula noma ukuthumela imiyalezo.

Amanye amathiphu afaka:

• Gwema ukugcoba izimonyo ngenkathi ushayela, noma ngabe umiswe kancane noma uphawu lwesitophu, kungaba yingozi.
• Qeda ukudla ngaphambi kokuqala imoto yakho nokushayela.

Ukushayela nabangani kungaholela ezingozini.

• Intsha ishayela ngokuphepha yodwa noma nomndeni. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, intsha kufanele ishayele umshayeli omdala ongayisiza ifunde imikhuba emihle yokushayela.
• Abashayeli abasha kufanele balinde okungenani izinyanga ezi-3 kuya kwezi-6 ngaphambi kokuthatha abangane njengabagibeli.

Ukushona okuhlobene nokushayela kwentsha kwenzeka kaningi ezimweni ezithile.

AMANYE AMACEBISO OKUPHEPHA ENTSHA

• Ukushayela budedengu kuseyingozi, ngisho noma usebenzisa amabhande ezihlalo. Ungajahi. Kuphephe ukufika sekwedlule isikhathi.
• Gwema ukushayela ebusuku. Amakhono akho okushayela nokuziphendulela akhula nje ezinyangeni zokuqala zokushayela. Ubumnyama bengeza enye into yokubhekana nayo.
• Lapho usozela, yeka ukushayela uze uqaphile ngokuphelele. Ukulala kungadala izingozi eziningi kunotshwala.
• Ungalokothi uphuze bese ushayela. Ukuphuza kunciphisa ukucabanga futhi kulimaze ukwahlulela. Le miphumela yenzeka kunoma ngubani ophuza. Ngakho-ke, UNGALOKOTHI uphuze bese ushayela. NJALO thola umuntu ozoshayela ongaphuzile - noma ngabe lokhu kusho ukushaya ucingo olungazwakali.
• Izidakamizwa zingaba yingozi njengotshwala. Ungahlanganisi ukushayela nensangu, ezinye izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni noma yimuphi umuthi obekiwe okwenza ukozele.

Abazali kufanele bakhulume nentsha yabo "ngemithetho yokushayela yasekhaya."

• Yenza "inkontileka yokushayela" ebhaliwe esayinwa ngabazali nentsha.
• Inkontileka kufanele ifake phakathi uhlu lwemithetho yokushayela nokuthi intsha ingalindela ini uma imithetho yephuliwe.
• Inkontileka kufanele isho ukuthi abazali yibona abanezwi lokugcina ngemithetho yokushayela.
• Lapho ubhala inkontileka, bhekisisa zonke izindaba zokushayela ezingase zivele.

Abazali bangenza okulandelayo ukusiza ukuvimbela intsha ekuphuzeni nasekushayeleni:

• Tshela intsha yabo ukuthi ifonele kunokuba ingene emotweni nomshayeli ophuzile noma lapho bebephuzile. Ungathembisi ukujeziswa uma bebiza kuqala.

Ezinye izingane ziyaqhubeka nokuxuba ukushayela nokuphuza. Ezifundazweni eziningi, umzali kufanele asayine osemusha ongaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ukuze athole ilayisense yokushayela. Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphambi kosuku lokuzalwa lwe-18 umzali anganqaba umthwalo wemfanelo futhi umbuso uzothatha ilayisense.

Ukushayela kanye nentsha; Intsha nokushayela ngokuphepha; Ukuphepha kwezimoto - abashayeli abasebasha

UDurbin DR, uMirman JH, uCurry AE, et al. Amaphutha okushayela abafundi abasha: imvamisa, imvelo kanye nokuzihlanganisa kwabo nokwenza. I-Accid Anal Prev. 2014; 72: 433-439. I-PMID: 25150523 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25150523.

Li L, Shults RA, Andridge RR, Yellman MA, et al. Ukuthumela imiyalezo / ukuthumela i-imeyili ngenkathi ushayela phakathi kwabafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu e-35 States, United States, 2015. J Adolesc Impilo. 2018; 63 (6): 701-708. I-PMID: 30139720 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30139720.

UPeek-Asa C, uCavanaugh JE, uYang J, uChande V, u-Young T, uRamirez M. Intsha yokuqondisa iphephile: isilingo esingahleliwe sokungenelela okususelwa kubazali ukwenza ngcono ukushayela kwentsha okuphephile. BMC Impilo Yomphakathi. 2014; 14: 777. I-PMID: 25082132 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25082132.

AmaShults RA, Olsen E, Williams AF; Izikhungo Zokulawulwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezifo (CDC). Ukushayela phakathi kwabafundi besikole samabanga aphezulu - I-United States, 2013. IMMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015; 64 (12): 313-317. I-PMID: 25837240 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837240.