Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokululama

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kulimaza umzimba ngezindlela ezimbili:

• Into uqobo iyathinta umzimba.
• Kubanga ukuguquka kwendlela yokuphila engemihle, njengokudla ngendlela engajwayelekile nokungadli kahle.

Ukondleka okufanele kungasiza inqubo yokwelashwa. Izakhi zomzimba zinika umzimba amandla. Banikela ngezinto zokwakha nokugcina izitho ezinempilo nokulwa nokutheleleka.

Ukululama ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa nakho kuthinta umzimba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi imetabolism (ukucubungula amandla), ukusebenza komzimba, kanye nenhlalakahle yengqondo.

Umthelela wezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene kokudla okunomsoco uchazwe ngezansi.

OPIATES

Ama-opiates (kufaka phakathi i-codeine, i-oxycodone, i-heroin, ne-morphine) athinta uhlelo lwesisu. Ukuqunjelwa kuyisifo esivame kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Izimpawu ezivamile ngesikhathi sokuhoxa zifaka:

• Uhudo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Lezi zimpawu zingaholela ekuntulekeni kwezakhamzimba ezanele nokungalingani kwama-electrolyte (njenge-sodium, i-potassium ne-chloride).

Ukudla ukudla okunomsoco kungenza lezi zimpawu zingabi nzima kakhulu (noma kunjalo, ukudla kungaba nzima, ngenxa yesicanucanu). Ukudla okuphezulu kwe-fiber okunama-carbohydrate amaningi anzima (njengokusanhlamvu okuphelele, imifino, uphizi nobhontshisi) kunconyiwe.

UTSHWALA

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo e-United States. Ukushoda okuvame kakhulu ngamavithamini B (B1, B6, ne-folic acid). Ukushoda kwalezi zakhi zomzimba kubangela izinkinga ze-anemia kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa (neurologic). Isibonelo, isifo esibizwa nge-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ("ubuchopho obumanzi") senzeka lapho ukusetshenziswa kotshwala obunzima kubanga ukuntuleka kuka-vitamin B1.

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala futhi kulimaza izitho ezimbili ezinkulu ezibandakanyeka ekugayeni umzimba kanye nokudla: isibindi namanyikwe. Isibindi sikhipha ubuthi ezintweni eziyingozi. Ama-pancreas alawula ushukela wegazi nokufakwa kwamafutha. Ukulimala kwalezi zitho ezimbili kubangela ukungalingani koketshezi, ama-calories, amaprotheni nama-electrolyte.

Ezinye izinkinga zifaka:

• Isifo sikashukela
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukulimala kwesibindi unomphela (noma i-cirrhosis)
• Ukuquleka
• Ukungondleki okukhulu
• Isikhathi sokuphila esifushane

Ukudla okungafanele kowesifazane lapho ekhulelwe, ikakhulukazi uma ephuza utshwala, kungalimaza ukukhula nentuthuko kwengane esibelethweni. Izinsana ezazichayeka otshwaleni zisesiswini kaningi zinezinkinga zomzimba nezengqondo. Utshwala buthinta ingane ekhulayo ngokuwela i-placenta. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, ingane ingaba nezimpawu zokuhoxa.

Ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri kwamaprotheni, i-iron, nama-electrolyte kungadingeka ukuthola ukuthi ngabe sikhona yini isifo sesibindi ngaphezu kwenkinga yotshwala. Abesifazane abaphuza kakhulu basengozini enkulu yokukhumuzeka kwamathambo futhi bangadinga ukuthatha izithasiselo ze-calcium.

Izikhuthazi

Ukusetshenziswa okukhuthazayo (njenge-crack, i-cocaine, ne-methamphetamine) kunciphisa ukudla, futhi kuholele ekunciphiseni isisindo nokungondleki kahle. Abasebenzisi bale mithi bangahlala izinsuku eziningi isikhathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi baphelelwe amanzi emzimbeni futhi banokungalingani kwe-electrolyte phakathi nalezi ziqephu. Ukubuyela ekudleni okujwayelekile kungaba nzima uma umuntu ehlise isisindo esiningi.

Izinkinga zememori, ezingahlala unomphela, ziyinkinga yokusetshenziswa okuvuselelayo kwesikhathi eside.

UMARIJUANA

Insangu ingakhuphula ukudla. Abanye abasebenzisi besikhathi eside bangakhuluphala ngokweqile futhi badinga ukunciphisa amafutha, ushukela, nama-calories aphelele.

IZINDLELA ZOKUDLA KOKUNGONDLEKA NOKWEZengqondo

Lapho umuntu ezizwa engcono, mancane amathuba okuthi aqale ukusebenzisa utshwala nezidakamizwa futhi. Ngoba ukudla okunomsoco kusiza ukuthuthukisa imizwa nempilo, kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukudla okunempilo kumuntu olulama otshwaleni nakwezinye izinkinga zezidakamizwa.

Kepha umuntu osanda kudela umthombo obalulekile wenjabulo angahle angakulungeli ukwenza ezinye izinguquko ezinqala zendlela yokuphila. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umuntu agweme ukubuyela ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa kunokunamathela ekudleni okuqinile.

IMIHLAHLANDLELA

• Namathela ezikhathini zokudla ezivamile.
• Yidla ukudla okunamafutha amancane.
• Thola amaprotheni amaningi, ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi, kanye nefayibha yokudla.
• Izithasiselo zikavithamini nezamaminerali zingasiza ngesikhathi sokululama (lokhu kungafaka i-B-complex, zinc, namavithamini A no-C).

Umuntu onokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungenzeka ukuthi abuyele emuva lapho enemikhuba emibi yokudla. Kungakho ukudla njalo kubalulekile. Ukuluthwa yizidakamizwa notshwala kudala ukuthi umuntu akhohlwe ukuthi kunjani ukulamba, kunalokho acabange ngalo muzwa njengokulangazelela izidakamizwa. Umuntu kufanele akhuthazwe ukuthi acabange ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ulambile lapho izifiso ziba namandla.

Ngesikhathi sokululama ekusetshenzisweni kwezidakamizwa, ukwehla kwamanzi emzimbeni kujwayelekile. Kubalulekile ukuthola uketshezi olwanele ngesikhathi naphakathi kokudla. Ukudla kuvame ukubuya ngesikhathi sokululama. Umuntu osindayo uvame kakhulu ukudla ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi uma bethatha izikhuthazi. Kubalulekile ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokudla okulula futhi ugweme ukudla okunama-khalori amaningi okunomsoco ophansi, njengamaswidi.

Amathiphu alandelayo angasiza ekuthuthukiseni izingqinamba zokululama okuhlala njalo nokunempilo:

• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokudla okulula.
• Thola ukuvivinya umzimba nokuphumula ngokwanele.
• Nciphisa i-caffeine uyeke ukubhema, uma kungenzeka.
• Funa usizo kubeluleki noma amaqembu okusekela njalo.
• Thatha izithasiselo zamavithamini nezamaminerali uma kunconywa umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nokululama; Ukudla okunomsoco nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa

UJeynes KD, uGibson EL. Ukubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco ekusizeni ukutakula ezinkingeni zokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: ukubuyekeza. Utshwala Bezidakamizwa Buyancika. 2017; 179: 229-239. I-PMID: 28806640 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28806640/.

UKowalchuk A, uMhlanga BC. Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Ku: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, ama-eds. Incwadi Yezokwelapha Yomndeni. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 50.

I-Weiss RD. Izidakamizwa zokuhlukumeza. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 31.