Ubuthi be-sodium hydroxide

I-sodium hydroxide iyikhemikhali enamandla kakhulu. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi i-lye ne-caustic soda. Lo mbhalo ukhuluma ngobuthi obuthinta ukuthinta, ukuphefumula (ukuhogela), noma ukugwinya i-sodium hydroxide.

Lokhu kwenzelwa ukwaziswa kuphela hhayi ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa noma ukuphathwa kokuvezwa kwangempela kobuthi. Uma unokuchayeka, kufanele ushayele inombolo yakho ephuthumayo yasendaweni (njenge-911) noma iNational Poison Control Center ku-1-800-222-1222.

I-sodium hydroxide

I-sodium hydroxide itholakala kuma-solvents amaningi ezimboni nasekuhlanzeni, kufaka phakathi imikhiqizo yokuhlubula phansi, izitena zokuhlanza izitini, usimende, nokunye okuningi.

Ingatholakala futhi kwimikhiqizo ethile yasendlini, kufaka phakathi:

• Imikhiqizo ye-Aquarium
• Amaphilisi asemtholampilo
• Khipha amanzi okugeza
• Izinwele eziqondisa izinwele
• Insimbi iyapholisha
• Abahlanzi bamahhavini

Eminye imikhiqizo nayo iqukethe i-sodium hydroxide.

Ngezansi kunezimpawu zobuthi be-sodium hydroxide noma ukuvezwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba.

EMIHLAWINI nasemaphashini

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (kusuka ngokuhogela i-sodium hydroxide)
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu
• Ukuthimula
• Ukuvuvukala komqala (okungadala nobunzima bokuphefumula)

U-ESOPHAGUS, AMAThumbu, NESISU

• Igazi esitokisini
• Ukusha komphimbo (ipayipi lokudla) nesisu
• Uhudo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ukuhlanza, mhlawumbe okunegazi

AMEHLO, IZINDLEBE, IKHALA NOMQOLO

• Ukumunca amathe
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu emphinjeni
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukushisa emakhaleni, amehlo, izindlebe, izindebe, noma ulimi
• Ukulahleka kombono

INHLIZIYO NEGAZI

• Goqa
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (ukhula ngokushesha)
• Ushintsho olukhulu egazini i-pH (i-asidi eningi kakhulu noma encane egazini)
• Ukushaqeka

ISIKHUMBA

• Kushe
• Isifuba
• Ukuthukuthela
• Izimbobo esikhunjeni noma esikhunjeni ngaphansi kwesikhumba

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. UNGENZI umuntu alahle phansi ngaphandle uma ulawulwa ngubuthi noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ekutshela.

Uma ikhemikhali lisesikhunjeni noma emehlweni, gxuma ngamanzi amaningi okungenani imizuzu eyi-15.

Uma ikhemikhali ligwinyiwe, nikeza umuntu amanzi noma ubisi ngaso leso sikhathi, ngaphandle kwalapho umhlinzeki akutshela okuhlukile. Futhi, UNGANIKI amanzi noma ubisi uma umuntu enezimpawu ezenza kube nzima ukugwinya (njengokuhlanza, ukudlikizela, noma ukuncipha kokuqwashisa).

Uma umuntu ephefumule kulo shevu, hambisa emoyeni omusha khona lapho.

Lungisa lolu lwazi:

• Iminyaka yomuntu, isisindo, nesimo
• Igama lomkhiqizo (izithako namandla uma kuyaziwa)
• Isikhathi lapho yagwinywa khona
• Inani ligwinyiwe

Isikhungo sakho sendawo esinoshevu singafinyelelwa ngqo ngokushayela inombolo yocingo yamahhala kazwelonke engakhokhelwa (1-800-222-1222) kusuka noma yikuphi e-United States. Le nombolo yocingo izokuvumela ukuthi ukhulume nezazi ekufakweni kobuthi. Bazokunikeza eminye imiyalelo.

Le yisevisi yamahhala futhi eyimfihlo. Kufanele ushaye uma unemibuzo mayelana nobuthi noma ukuvimbela ubuthi. Akudingeki ukuthi kube yisimo esiphuthumayo. Ungashayela nganoma yisiphi isizathu, amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngeviki.

Thatha isitsha esiqukethe i-sodium hydroxide uye naso esibhedlela, uma kungenzeka.

Umhlinzeki uzolinganisa futhi aqaphe izimpawu ezibalulekile zomuntu, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, nomfutho wegazi. Izimpawu zizolashwa.

Ukwelashwa kuya ngokuthi ubuthi benzeke kanjani. Kuzonikezwa umuthi wezinhlungu. Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa nazo zinganikezwa.

Ngobuthi obugwinyiwe, umuntu angathola:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
• I-x-ray yesifuba.
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo).
• I-Endoscopy. Ukubekwa kwekhamera phansi emphinjeni ukubona ubukhulu bokusha emqaleni nasesiswini.
• Uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi (IV, uketshezi olunikezwa ngomthambo).
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu.

Ngobuthi obudonswe ngaphakathi, umuntu angathola:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi.
• Ukwesekwa kokuphefumula, kufaka phakathi i-oksijini kanye neshubhu ngomlomo noma ngamakhala emaphashini.
• I-Bronchoscopy. Ikhamera ibekwe phansi emphinjeni ukubona ukusha ezindleleni zomoya nasemaphashini.
• I-x-ray yesifuba.
• Uketshezi olungena ngaphakathi (IV, uketshezi olunikezwa ngomthambo).
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu.

Ngokuvezwa kwesikhumba, umuntu angathola:

• Ukunisela (ukugeza isikhumba). Mhlawumbe njalo ngamahora ambalwa izinsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ukukhishwa kwesikhumba (ukususwa kokuhlinzwa kwesikhumba esishisiwe).
• Amafutha asetshenziswa esikhunjeni.

Ngokuvezwa kwamehlo, umuntu angathola:

• Ukunisela okukhulu ukukhipha iso
• Imithi

Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuncike ekutheni ubuthi buhlanjululwa futhi bususwa kanjani ngokushesha. Ukulimala okukhulu emlonyeni, emphinjeni, emehlweni, emaphashini, esophagus, ekhaleni nasesiswini kungenzeka.

Umphumela wesikhathi eside uncike kubungako balo monakalo. Ukulimala komqala nesisu kuyaqhubeka ukwenzeka amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokugwinywa kobuthi. Ukufa kungenzeka esikhathini esingangenyanga kamuva.

Gcina bonke ubuthi esitsheni sabo sokuqala noma esivikela izingane, amalebula abonakalayo, futhi lapho izingane zingafinyeleli khona.

Ubuthi be-Lye; Caustic soda ubuthi

I-Agency for Substances Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) iwebhusayithi. I-Atlanta, GA: UMnyango Wezempilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu e-U.S. Imihlahlandlela Yezokuphathwa Kwezokwelapha Ye-Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=246&toxid=45. Kubuyekezwe u-Okthoba 21, 2014. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 14, 2019.

UHoyte C. Caustics. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 148.

UThomas SHL. Ubuthi. Ku: Ralston SH, ID Penman, Strachan MWJ, Hobson RP, eds. Izimiso zikaDavidson kanye Nokuzijwayeza Kwezokwelapha. Umhla ka-23. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 7.