Ukuphefumula - kwehlisiwe noma kumisiwe

Ukuphefumula okuyeka kunoma yisiphi isizathu kubizwa ngokuthi i-apnea. Ukuphefumula kancane kubizwa nge-bradypnea. Ukuphefumula kanzima noma okunzima kwaziwa njenge-dyspnea.

I-apnea ingeza futhi ihambe futhi ibe yesikhashana. Lokhu kungenzeka nge-apnea yokulala evimbela, isibonelo.

Ukuphelelwa umoya isikhathi eside kusho ukuthi umuntu uyekile ukuphefumula. Uma inhliziyo isasebenza, isimo saziwa ngokuthi ukuboshwa ngokuphefumula. Lo ngumcimbi osongela impilo odinga usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha nosizo lokuqala.

Ukuphefumula isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokusebenza kwenhliziyo kumuntu ongaphenduli kubizwa ngokuthi ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo (noma i-cardiopulmonary). Ezinganeni nasezinganeni, imbangela ejwayelekile yokuboshwa kwenhliziyo ukuboshwa ngokuphefumula. Kubantu abadala, kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho, ukuboshwa komzimba kuvame ukuholela ekuboshweni kokuphefumula.

Ubunzima bokuphefumula bungavela ngezizathu eziningi. Ezimweni eziningi, izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuphefumula ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezincane zihlukile kwizimbangela ezivame kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Izimbangela ezivamile zobunzima bokuphefumula ezinganeni nasezinganeni ezisencane zifaka:

• Isifuba Somoya
• I-bronchiolitis (ukuvuvukala nokuncipha kwezakhiwo ezincane zokuphefumula emaphashini)
• Ukuchofoza
• I-Encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho kanye nokutheleleka okuthinta imisebenzi ebalulekile yobuchopho)
• I-reflux ye-gastroesophageal (isilungulela)
• Ebamba umoya
• I-Meningitis (ukuvuvukala nokutheleleka kwezicubu ezigcwele ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla)
• Inyumoniya
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Ukuquleka

Izimbangela ezivamile zenkinga yokuphefumula (i-dyspnea) kubantu abadala zifaka:

• Ukusabela okweqile okubangela ukuvuvukala kolimi, umphimbo, noma okunye
• Isifuba somoya noma ezinye izifo zamaphaphu
• Ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo
• Ukuchofoza
• Ukuphuza ngokweqile izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yotshwala, amaphilisi ezinhlungu ezidambisa izidakamizwa, ama-barbiturates, ama-anesthetics, nezinye izinto ezicindezelayo
• Uketshezi emaphashini
• I-apnea yokulala evimbela

Ezinye izimbangela zokuphefumula zihlanganisa:

• Ukulimala kwekhanda noma ukulimala entanyeni, emlonyeni nakulaka (ibhokisi lezwi)
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile
• Ukuphazamiseka komzimba (amakhemikhali omzimba, amaminerali, kanye ne-acid-base)
• Eduzane nokuminza
• Isifo sohlangothi nokunye ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa (izinzwa)
• Ukulimala odongeni lwesifuba, inhliziyo, noma amaphaphu
  

Funa usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha noma ushayele inombolo yakho yendawo ephuthumayo (efana ne-911) uma umuntu onenkinga yokuphefumula:

• Iba yimpumputhe
• Uqulekile
• Akuxwayisi (ulahlekelwa ukwazi)
• Kusala kozela
• Iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Uma umuntu eyekile ukuphefumula, fonela usizo oluphuthumayo bese wenza i-CPR (uma wazi kanjani). Uma usendaweni esesidlangalaleni, funa i-othomathikhi yangaphandle ye-defibrillator (AED) bese ulandela izinkomba.

I-CPR noma ezinye izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zizokwenziwa egumbini labezimo eziphuthumayo noma ngochwepheshe wezimo eziphuthumayo we-ambulensi (EMT) noma abezimo eziphuthumayo.

Lapho umuntu esezinzile, umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba, okubandakanya ukulalela imisindo yenhliziyo nemisindo yokuphefumula.

Imibuzo izobuzwa ngomlando wezokwelapha nezimpawu zomuntu, kufaka phakathi:

ISIKHATHI SESIKHATHI

• Ingabe lokhu kwake kwenzeka ngaphambili?
• Uhlale isikhathi esingakanani umcimbi?
• Ngabe lo muntu uke waba neziqephu ezimfushane zokuphaselwa umoya?
• Ngabe lesi siqephu siphele ngokungazelelwe, umoya ohogelayo?
• Ngabe isiqephu senzeke ngenkathi uphapheme noma ulele?

UMLANDO WAKamuva WEMPILO

• Ngabe lo muntu ube nengozi yakamuva noma ulimele?
• Ingabe lo muntu usanda kugula?
• Ngabe kube khona ubunzima bokuphefumula ngaphambi kokuphefumula?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ozibonile?
• Imiphi imithi umuntu ayiphuzayo?
• Ngabe lo muntu usebenzisa izidakamizwa zasemgwaqweni noma zokuzijabulisa?

Ukuhlolwa kokuhlonza kanye nokwelashwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• Ukusekelwa kwe-Airway, kufaka phakathi i-oxygen, ishubhu lokuphefumula ngomlomo (intubation), nomshini wokuphefumula (umshini wokuphefumula)
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• Ishubhu lesifuba
• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Iskena se-CT
• Defibrillation (ukushaqeka kukagesi enhliziyweni)
  
• I-ECG (i-electrocardiogram, noma ukulandelwa kwenhliziyo)
• Uketshezi ngomthambo (ngemithambo yegazi noma nge-IV)
• Imithi yokwelapha izimpawu, kufaka phakathi ama-antidotes wokuguqula imiphumela yobuthi noma ukweqisa izidakamizwa

Ukuphefumula kwehlisiwe noma kumisiwe; Hhayi ukuphefumula; Ukuboshwa ngokuphefumula; I-Apnea

UKelly AM. Izimo eziphuthumayo zokuphefumula. Ku: Cameron P, Jelinek G, Kelly AM, Brown A, Little M, abahleli. Incwadi Yemithi Ephuthumayo Yabantu Abadala. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2015: isahluko 6.

UKurz MC, uNeumar RW. Ukuvuselelwa kwabantu abadala. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 8.

Roosevelt GE. Izimo eziphuthumayo zokuphefumula ezinganeni: izifo zamaphaphu. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 169.