Ukushoda kwe-Focal neurologic

Ukwehluleka kwe-neurologic okugxile kuyinkinga nge-nerve, umgogodla, noma ukusebenza kobuchopho. Ithinta indawo ethize, enjengehlangothini sobunxele lobuso, ingalo yangakwesokudla, noma ngisho nendawo encane njengolimi. Izinkinga zokukhuluma, ukubona, nokuzwa nakho kubhekwa njengokushoda okugxile kwezinzwa.

Uhlobo, indawo nobukhulu benkinga kungakhombisa ukuthi iyiphi indawo yobuchopho noma yesistimu yezinzwa ethintekayo.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, inkinga engagxili AKUKHO okuqondile endaweni ethile yobuchopho. Kungabandakanya ukulahleka okujwayelekile kokukwazi noma inkinga engokomzwelo.

Inkinga ye-neurologic egxile kakhulu ingathinta noma iyiphi yale misebenzi:

• Izinguquko zokuhamba, kufaka phakathi ukukhubazeka, ubuthakathaka, ukulahleka kokulawulwa kwemisipha, ukwanda kwethoni yemisipha, ukulahleka kwethoni yemisipha, noma ukunyakaza umuntu angakwazi ukukulawula (ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi, njengokuthuthumela)
• Izinguquko zokuzwa, kufaka phakathi i-paresthesia (imizwa engajwayelekile), ukuba ndikindiki, noma ukuncipha kokuzwa

Ezinye izibonelo zokulahlekelwa komsebenzi okugxile zifaka:

• I-Horner syndrome: umfundi omncane ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukujula kwejwabu leso linye, ukungabi nokujuluka kolunye uhlangothi lobuso, nokucwila kweso elilodwa esokeni lalo
• Ukunganaki okuzungezile noma ingxenye yomzimba (ukunganakwa)
• Ukulahleka kokudidiyelwa noma ukulahleka kolawulo oluhle lwezimoto (ikhono lokwenza ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi)
• I-gag reflex engalungile, ubunzima bokugwinya, nokuchofoza njalo
• Ukukhuluma noma ubunzima bolimi, njenge-aphasia (inkinga yokuqonda noma ukukhiqiza amagama) noma i-dysarthria (inkinga yokwenza imisindo yamagama), ukuphimisela kahle amagama, ukuqonda kahle inkulumo, ukubhala kanzima, ukungakwazi ukufunda noma ukuqonda ukubhala, ukungakwazi izinto zezinto (anomia)
• Izinguquko zombono, njengokunciphisa umbono, ukwehla kwenkundla yokubuka, ukulahleka kombono ngokungazelelwe, umbono ophindwe kabili (idiplopia)

Noma yini elimaza noma ephazamisa noma iyiphi ingxenye yesistimu yezinzwa ingadala ukusilela kwe-neurologic okugxile. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Imithambo yegazi engajwayelekile (ukungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yegazi)
• Isigaxa sobuchopho
• Ukukhubazeka kobuchopho
• Ukugula kwemizwa yokuwohloka (njenge-multiple sclerosis)
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi esisodwa noma iqembu lezinzwa (ngokwesibonelo, i-carpal tunnel syndrome)
• Ukutheleleka kobuchopho (njenge-meningitis noma i-encephalitis)
• Ukulimala
• Unhlangothi

Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kuncike ohlotsheni nasenkingeni yenkinga.

Uma unokulahleka kokuhamba, ukuzwa, noma umsebenzi, shayela umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Umhlinzeki wakho uzothatha umlando wakho wezokwelapha futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuzobandakanya ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kokusebenza kwesistimu yakho yezinzwa.

Yikuphi ukuhlolwa okwenziwayo okuncike kwezinye izimpawu zakho kanye nesizathu esingaba khona sokulahleka komsebenzi wezinzwa. Ukuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuzama ukuthola ingxenye yesistimu yezinzwa ehilelekile. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile yilezi:

• Iskena se-CT sangemuva, intamo, noma ikhanda
• I-Electromyogram (EMG), ama-velocity conduction velocities (NCV)
• I-MRI yangemuva, intamo, noma ikhanda
• Thepha umgogodla

Ukushoda kwezinzwa - kugxile

• Ubuchopho

UDeluca GC, uGriggs RC. Indlela eya esigulini esinesifo se-neurologic. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-26. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 368.

UJankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Newman NJ, uPomeroy SL. Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sezinzwa. Ku: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley neDaroff ku-Clinical Practice. Umhlaka 8. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022: isahluko 1.