Ukunyakaza - akuhambisani

Ukunyakaza okungahlelwanga kungenxa yenkinga yokulawulwa kwemisipha edala ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza. Kuholela ekunyakazeni okungahambi kahle, okungaqinile, kokuya nokubuya maphakathi nomzimba (isiqu) kanye nokuhamba okungazinzile (isitayela sokuhamba). Kungathinta nezitho.

Igama lezokwelapha lalesi simo yi-ataxia.

Ukunyakaza okunomusa kudinga ukulinganisela phakathi kwamaqembu emisipha ehlukene. Ingxenye yobuchopho ebizwa nge-cerebellum ilawula leli bhalansi.

I-Ataxia ingathinta kakhulu imisebenzi yokuphila yansuku zonke.

Izifo ezilimaza i-cerebellum, umgogodla, noma izinzwa zomgwaqo zingaphazamisa ukunyakaza okuvamile kwemisipha. Umphumela uba ukunyakaza okukhulu, okunamahloni, okungahambisani.

Ukulimala kobuchopho noma izifo ezingadala ukunyakaza okungahambisani kuhlanganisa:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukuhlukunyezwa ekhanda
• I-chickenpox noma ezinye izifo zobuchopho (encephalitis)
• Izimo ezidluliselwa emindenini (njenge-congenital cerebellar ataxia, i-Friedreich ataxia, i-ataxia - telangiectasia, noma isifo seWilson)
• I-Multiple sclerosis (MS)
• Ukuhlaselwa yisifo sohlangothi noma okwedlulayo kwe-ischemic (TIA)

Imiphumela enobuthi noma enobuthi ebangelwa:

• Utshwala
• Imithi ethile
• Izinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-mercury, thallium, nomthofu
• Izixazululi ezifana ne-toluene noma i-carbon tetrachloride
• Izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni

Ezinye izimbangela zifaka:

• Eminye imidlavuza, lapho izimpawu zokuhamba okungahambisani kahle zingavela izinyanga noma iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza utholwe (obizwa nge-paraneoplastic syndrome)
• Izinkinga zemizwa emilenzeni (i-neuropathy)
• Ukulimala komgogodla noma isifo esidala ukulimala komgogodla (njengokucindezelwa kokuqhekeka komgogodla)

Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha ekhaya ngumelaphi womzimba kungasiza.

Thatha izinyathelo zokwenza kube lula futhi kuphephe ukuhamba ekhaya. Isibonelo, lahla imfuhlumfuhlu, shiya izindlela zokuhamba ezibanzi, futhi ususe omata bokuphonsa noma ezinye izinto ezingadala ukushelela noma ukuwa.

Abantu abakulesi simo kufanele bakhuthazwe ukuthi babambe iqhaza emisebenzini ejwayelekile. Amalungu omndeni adinga ukubekezela nomuntu onokuxhumana okungahambi kahle. Thatha isikhathi ukukhombisa umuntu izindlela zokwenza imisebenzi kalula. Sebenzisa amandla omuntu ngenkathi ugwema ubuthakathaka bakhe.

Buza umhlinzeki wezempilo ukuthi izinsiza zokuhamba, njengodondolo noma i-walker, zingasiza yini.

Abantu abane-ataxia bathambekele ekuweni. Khuluma nomhlinzeki ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuwa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma:

• Umuntu unezinkinga ezingachazeki ngokuxhumanisa
• Ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa kuhlala isikhathi eside kunemizuzu embalwa

Esimeni esiphuthumayo, uzoqala uzinze ukuze izimpawu zingabi zimbi kakhulu.

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba, okungabandakanya:

• Ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kohlelo lwemisipha nemisipha, ukunaka ngokucophelela ukuhamba, ukulinganisela, nokuhlangana kokukhomba ngeminwe nezinzwane.
• Ukucela ukuthi usukume izinyawo zakho zihlangane amehlo avaleke. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlolwa kweRomberg. Uma ulahlekelwa ibhalansi yakho, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umuzwa wakho wesikhundla ulahlekile. Kulokhu, ukuhlolwa kubhekwa njengokuhle.

Imibuzo yomlando wezokwelapha ingafaka:

• Zaqala nini izimpawu?
• Ngabe ukunyakaza okungahlelwanga kwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi noma kuyafika kudlule?
• Ingabe kuya ngokuya kuba kubi?
• Imiphi imithi oyiphuzayo?
• Uyaphuza utshwala?
• Ingabe usebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzilibazisa?
• Ingabe uvezwe entweni okungenzeka ukuthi ibangele ubuthi?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu onazo? Isibonelo: ubuthakathaka noma ukukhubazeka, ukuba ndikindiki, ukuncinza, noma ukulahlekelwa umuzwa, ukudideka noma ukudideka, ukuquleka.

Izivivinyo ezinga-odwa zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody ukuhlola ama-syndromes we-paraneoplastic
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (okufana ne-CBC noma umehluko wegazi)
• I-CT scan yekhanda
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
• I-MRI yekhanda

Ungadinga ukuthunyelwa kuchwepheshe ukuze ahlolwe futhi elashwe. Uma inkinga ethile ibangela i-ataxia, inkinga izolashwa. Isibonelo, uma umuthi ubangela izinkinga zokuxhumanisa, umuthi ungashintshwa noma umiswe. Ezinye izimbangela kungenzeka zingelapheki. Umhlinzeki angakutshela okuningi.

Ukuntuleka kokuxhumanisa; Ukulahlekelwa kokuxhumanisa; Ukukhubazeka kokuxhumanisa; I-Ataxia; Ubulukhuni; Ukunyakaza okungahambisani

• I-atrophy yemisipha

I-Lang AE. Ezinye izinkinga zokuhamba. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 410.

I-Subramony SH, i-Xia G. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-cerebellum, kufaka phakathi ama-ataxias okonakala. Ku: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, ama-eds. I-Neurology kaBradley ekwenziweni kwemitholampilo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 97.