Ukwehla kokuqapha

Ukwehla kokuqapha isimo sokuncipha kokuqwashisa futhi kuyisimo esibi.

Ikhoma yisimo sokuncipha kokuqapha lapho umuntu engeke avuswe khona. Ikhoma lesikhathi eside libizwa ngokuthi yisimo semifino.

Izimo eziningi zingadala ukwehla kokuqapha, kufaka phakathi:

• Isifo sezinso esingalapheki
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile noma ukungalali kahle
• Ushukela ophakeme wegazi noma ushukela ophansi wegazi
• Ukuhlungwa kwe-sodium ephezulu noma ephansi
• Ukutheleleka okunzima noma okubandakanya ubuchopho
• Ukuhluleka kwesibindi
• Izimo ze-thyroid ezibangela amazinga aphansi e-hormone ye-thyroid noma amazinga e-thyroid ephezulu kakhulu

Ukuphazamiseka kobuchopho noma ukulimala, njenge:

• Ukuwohloka komqondo noma isifo i-Alzheimer (amacala aphambili)
• Ukuhlukumezeka ekhanda (amacala aphakathi nendawo kuya kokubi)
• Ukudlikiza
• I-Stroke (imvamisa lapho unhlangothi lukhulu noma lonakalise izindawo ezithile zobuchopho njenge-brainstem noma i-thalamus)
• Izifo ezithinta ubuchopho njenge-meningitis noma i-encephalitis

Ukulimala noma izingozi, njenge:

• Izingozi zokuntywila kanye nokucwila
• Ukushaywa ukushisa
• Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphansi kakhulu (i-hypothermia)

Izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zokuphefumula, njenge:

• Isigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile
• Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kunoma yisiphi isizathu
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi
• Ukwehluleka okukhulu kwenhliziyo
• Izifo ezinzima zamaphaphu
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme kakhulu

Ubuthi nezidakamizwa, njenge:

• Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala (ukuzitika ngotshwala noma ukonakaliswa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kotshwala)
• Ukuvezwa izinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-hydrocarbon, noma amagesi anobuthi
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa ezinjenge-opiates, izidakamizwa, izidakamizwa, kanye nemithi yokulwa nokukhathazeka noma yokubamba
• Imiphumela emibi cishe yanoma imuphi umuthi, njengaleyo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuquleka, ukucindezeleka, i-psychosis nezinye izifo

Thola usizo lwezokwelapha nganoma yikuphi ukwehla kokuqonda, noma ngabe kungenxa yokudakwa kotshwala, ukuquleka, noma ukuphazamiseka kokubanjwa osekutholakele.

Abantu abanesithuthwane noma ezinye izinkinga zokuquleka kufanele bagqoke isongo le-ID yezokwelapha noma umgexo ochaza isimo sabo. Kufanele bagweme izimo eziye zabangela ukuquleka esikhathini esedlule.

Thola usizo lwezokwelapha uma umuntu eye wehla ukuqapha okungenakuchazwa. Shayela inombolo yakho yendawo ephuthumayo (njenge-911) uma ukuqapha okujwayelekile kungabuyi ngokushesha.

Imvamisa, umuntu onolwazi olwehlisiwe uzohlolwa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo.

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzokwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba. Isivivinyo sizofaka phakathi ukubuka okuningiliziwe kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, nohlelo lwemizwa.

Ithimba lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizobuza imibuzo ngomlando wezokwelapha nezimpawu zomuntu, kufaka phakathi:

Iphethini yesikhathi

• Ukuncipha kokuqapha kwenzeke nini?
• Yahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
• Kwake kwenzeka ngaphambili? Uma kunjalo, kangaki?
• Ngabe umuntu uziphathe ngendlela efanayo ngesikhathi seziqephu ezedlule?

Umlando wezokwelapha

• Ingabe umuntu unesifo sokuwa noma ukugula?
• Ingabe lo muntu unesifo sikashukela?
• Ingabe lo muntu ubelele kahle?
• Ngabe kube nokulimala ekhanda muva nje?

Okunye

• Imiphi imithi umuntu ayiphuzayo?
• Ingabe lo muntu usebenzisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa njalo?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezikhona?

Ukuhlolwa okungenziwa kufaka phakathi:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi noma umehluko wegazi
• I-CT scan noma i-MRI yekhanda
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• Iphaneli ye-Electrolyte nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi
• Iphaneli le-Toxicology nezinga lotshwala
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo

Ukwelashwa kuya ngesizathu sokuncipha kokuqapha. Ukuthi umuntu wenza kahle kangakanani kuya ngesizathu salesi simo.

Isikhathi eside lapho umuntu eye wehla ukuqapha, imiphumela iba mibi kakhulu.

Stuporous; Isimo sengqondo - sehlile; Ukulahlekelwa ukuqapha; Ukwehla kokuqonda; Izinguquko ekwazini; Ukuqothulwa; I-Coma; Ukungaphenduli

• Ukudideka kubantu abadala - ukukhipha
• Ukudideka ezinganeni - ukukhipha
• Ukuvimbela ukulimala ekhanda ezinganeni

U-Lei C, Smith C. Ukucindezeleka nokwazi nokudangala. Ku: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, ama-eds. Imithi Ephuthumayo yaseRosen: Imiqondo kanye Nokuzijwayeza Komtholampilo. Umhlaka 9. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 13.

UWilber ST, u-Ondrejka JE. Isimo sengqondo esishintshile ne-delirium. I-Emerg Med Clin eNyakatho Am. 2016; 34 (3): 649-665. I-PMID: 27475019 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27475019.