Ingqondo yezinsana

I-reflex ukusabela kwemisipha okwenzeka ngokuzenzakalela ekuphenduleni ukukhuthazeka. Ukuzwa okuthile noma ukunyakaza kuveza izimpendulo ezithile zemisipha.

Ukuba khona namandla we-reflex kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa nokusebenza kwezinzwa.

Imibono eminingi yezinsana iyanyamalala njengoba ingane ikhula, yize ezinye zihlala zikhula. I-reflex esesekhona ngemuva kweminyaka lapho ibizonyamalala ngokujwayelekile ingaba uphawu lokulimala kobuchopho noma kwesistimu yezinzwa.

Ukucabanga kwezinsana izimpendulo ezijwayelekile ezinganeni, kepha ezingavamile kwamanye amaqembu eminyaka. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• I-Moro reflex
• I-Reflex yokumunca (incela lapho kuthintwa indawo ezungeze umlomo)
• I-Startle reflex (ukudonsa izingalo nemilenze ngemuva kokuzwa umsindo omkhulu)
• Isinyathelo reflex (ukunyakaza kokunyakaza lapho unyawo luthinta indawo eqinile)

Okunye ukucabanga kwezinsana kufaka:

Ithoni Yentamo Yethoni

Lokhu kubukeka kwenzeka lapho ikhanda lengane ekhululekile futhi ilele ibheke phezulu lihanjiswa ohlangothini. Ingalo esehlangothini lapho ikhanda libheke khona ifinyelela kude nomzimba ngesandla sivulekile ngokwengxenye. Ingalo eseceleni kobuso iyashintshwa futhi isibhakela siboshwe ngokuqinile. Ukuguqula ubuso bengane kolunye uhlangothi kuguqula isikhundla. Ukuma kwentamo ye-tonic kuvame ukuchazwa njengesikhundla se-fencer ngoba kubukeka njengokuma kofencer.

UKUVUTHA OKUQHUBEKAYO NOMA I-REFLEX ETHUTHA

Le reflex yenzeka lapho uhlangothi lomgogodla wengane luphululwa noma lucofwa ngenkathi ingane ilele esiswini. Usana luzoshwiba okhalweni lubheke kokuthintwayo ngokunyakaza kokudansa.

IMPENDULO YEMBUZI

Le reflex yenzeka uma ubeka umunwe entendeni evulekile yengane. Isandla sizovala eduze komunwe. Ukuzama ukususa umunwe kubangela ukubambelela kuqinise. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinokubamba okuqinile futhi zingacishe ziphakanyiswe uma zombili izandla zibambe iminwe yakho.

ISIMPENDULO SEMPUMELELO

Le reflex yenzeka lapho kudliswa isihlathi sengane. Usana luzophendukela ohlangothini olwaphulwayo bese luqala ukwenza iminyakazo yokuncela.

IMPENDULO YEPARACHUTE

Le reflex ivela ezinganeni ezindadlana lapho ingane ibanjwe imile futhi umzimba wengane ujikelezwa ngokushesha ukubheka phambili (njengokuwa). Ingane izokwelula izingalo zayo phambili ngokungathi izophula ukuwa, noma ngabe le reflex ivela esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba ingane ihambe.

Izibonelo zemiqondo egcina iba mdala yilezi:

• I-blinking reflex: ukucwayiza amehlo lapho kuthintwa noma lapho kuvela ukukhanya okungazelelwe okukhanyayo
• Ukukhwehlela okukhwehlela: ukukhwehlela lapho kuvulwa umoya
• I-Gag reflex: ukugiya lapho umphimbo noma emuva komlomo kuvuselelwa
• I-Sneeze reflex: ukuthimula lapho izindinyana zamakhala zicasukile
• I-Yawn reflex: ukuzamula lapho umzimba udinga oksijini owengeziwe

Ukucabanga kwezinsana kungenzeka kubantu abadala abane:

• Ukulimala kobuchopho
• Unhlangothi

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uvame ukuthola ukucabanga okungavamile kwezinsana ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngesinye isizathu. I-Reflexes ehlala isikhathi eside kunaleso okufanele ibe yisibonakaliso senkinga yesistimu yezinzwa.

Abazali kufanele bakhulume nomhlinzeki wezingane zabo uma:

• Banokukhathazeka ngokukhula kwengane yabo.
• Bayabona ukuthi izingqondo zezingane ziyaqhubeka ezinganeni zabo ngemuva kokuthi kufanele ziyeke.

Umhlinzeki uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba futhi abuze ngomlando wezokwelapha wengane.

Imibuzo ingafaka:

• Yiziphi izingqondo ingane eyayinazo?
• I-reflex ngayinye yezinsana yanyamalala ngasiphi isikhathi?
• Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezikhona (ngokwesibonelo, ukwehla kokuqwashisa noma ukuquleka)?

Izimo zokuqala; I-reflexes ezinganeni; I-reflex neck reflex; I-Galant reflex; Ukuvuswa kwe-truncal; I-reflex yokuqothula; I-reflex yeParachute; I-reflex yokubamba

• Ingqondo yezinsana
• I-Moro reflex

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ISchor NF. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Neurological. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 608.

I-Walker RWH. Uhlelo lwezinzwa. Ku: Glynn M, Drake WM, ama-eds. Izindlela Zomtholampilo zikaHutchison. Umhlaka 24. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 16.