I-audiometry

Ukuhlolwa kwe-audiometry kuvivinya ikhono lakho lokuzwa imisindo. Imisindo iyehluka, kuya ngomsindo wayo (ngamandla) nejubane lokudlidliza kwamaza omsindo (ithoni).

Ukuzwa kwenzeka lapho amagagasi omsindo evuselela izinzwa zendlebe yangaphakathi. Umsindo ube usuhamba ngezindlela zemizwa uye ebuchosheni.

Amagagasi omsindo angaya endlebeni yangaphakathi ngomsele wendlebe, indlebe, namathambo endlebe ephakathi (ukuqhutshwa komoya). Bangaphinde badlule emathanjeni azungeze nangemuva kwendlebe (ukuqhutshwa kwamathambo).

UKUQINA komsindo kukalwa ngama-decibel (dB):

• Ukuhleba cishe kungama-20 dB.
• Umculo onomsindo (amanye amakhonsathi) ungaba ngama-80 kuye ku-120 dB.
• Injini ye-jet icishe ibe yi-140 kuye ku-180 dB.

Imisindo engaphezu kuka-85 dB ingadala ukulahleka kokuzwa ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Imisindo ephakeme ingadala izinhlungu ngokushesha, futhi ukulahleka kwezindlebe kungakhula ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.

Ithoni lomsindo lilinganiswa ngemijikelezo ngomzuzwana (cps) noma ngoHertz:

• Amathoni we-bass aphansi azungeze ama-50 kuye kuma-60 Hz.
• Ama-Shrill, amathoni aphezulu abanga cishe ama-10,000 Hz noma ngaphezulu.

Ububanzi obujwayelekile bokuzwa komuntu cishe buba ngama-20 kuye ku-20 000 Hz. Ezinye izilwane zizwa kuze kufike ku-50 000 Hz. Inkulumo yomuntu imvamisa i-500 kuye ku-3,000 Hz.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo angahlola ukuzwa kwakho ngokuhlolwa okulula okungenziwa ehhovisi. Lokhu kungabandakanya ukugcwalisa uhlu lwemibuzo nokulalela amazwi ahlebelweyo, izimfoloko zokushuna, noma amathoni avela endaweni yokuhlolwa kwezindlebe.

Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwemfoloko yokushuna kungasiza ekunqumeni uhlobo lokulahleka kokuzwa. Imfoloko yokushuna ishaywa futhi ibanjwe emoyeni ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda ukuhlola ikhono lokuzwa ngokuqhutshwa komoya. Ithejwa futhi ibekwe emathanjeni ngemuva kwendlebe ngayinye (ithambo le-mastoid) ukuhlola ukuqhutshwa kwethambo.

Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa okusemthethweni kunganikeza isilinganiso esithe xaxa sokuzwa. Ukuhlolwa okuningi kungenziwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwethoni emsulwa (audiogram) - Kulolu vivinyo, ufaka ama-earphone anamathiselwe kwi-audiometer. Amathoni amsulwa wemvamisa nevolumu ethile ahanjiswa endlebeni eyodwa ngasikhathi. Uyacelwa ukuthi usayine uma uzwa umsindo. Ivolumu encane edingekayo ukuzwa ithoni ngayinye i-graphed. Idivayisi ebizwa nge-bone oscillator ibekwa ngokumelene nethambo le-mastoid ukuhlola ukuqhutshwa kwethambo.
• I-audiometry yenkulumo - Lokhu kuvivinya ikhono lakho lokuthola nokuphinda amagama akhulunywayo emiqulu eyahlukene ezwakale ngesethi yekhanda.
• I-audiometry ye-Immittance - Lokhu kuhlolwa kukala ukusebenza kwesigubhu sendlebe nokuhamba komsindo endlebeni ephakathi. Kufakwa iphenyo endlebeni bese kufuthwa umoya ngayo ukushintsha ingcindezi engaphakathi kwendlebe njengoba kwenziwa amathoni. Imakrofoni ihlola ukuthi umsindo uqhutshwa kahle kanjani ngaphakathi kwendlebe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ehlukile.

Azikho izinyathelo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo.

Akukho ukungakhululeki. Ubude besikhathi buyahlukahluka. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungathatha cishe imizuzu emihlanu kuya kwengu-10. I-audiometry enemininingwane ingathatha cishe ihora elilodwa.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kungathola ukulahleka kokuzwa kusenesikhathi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi uma unezinkinga zokuzwa kunoma yisiphi isizathu.

Imiphumela ejwayelekile ifaka phakathi:

• Ikhono lokuzwa ukuhleba, inkulumo ejwayelekile, newashi lokukitaza kuyinto ejwayelekile.
• Amandla okuzwa imfoloko yokushuna emoyeni nasethanjeni kuyinto ejwayelekile.
• Ku-audiometry enemininingwane, ukuzwa kujwayelekile uma ungezwa amathoni kusuka ku-250 kuye ku-8,000 Hz kuma-25 dB noma ngaphansi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi kanye neziqu zokulahleka kokuzwa. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ulahlekelwa kuphela ikhono lokuzwa amathoni aphezulu noma aphansi, noma ulahlekelwa kuphela ukuqhutshwa komoya noma kwamathambo. Ukwehluleka ukuzwa amathoni amsulwa angaphansi kwama-25 dB kukhombisa ukulahleka kokuzwa okuthile.

Inani nohlobo lokulahlekelwa kokuzwa kunganikeza umkhondo imbangela, namathuba okubuyisa ukuzwa kwakho.

Izimo ezilandelayo zingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa:

• I-acoustic neuroma
• Ukuhlukumezeka kwe-Acoustic okuvela kumsindo omkhulu kakhulu noma omkhulu wokuqhuma
• Ukulahleka kokuzwa okuhlobene nobudala
• I-Alport syndrome
• Ukutheleleka okungapheli ezindlebeni
• I-Labyrinthitis
• Isifo seMénière
• Ukuvezwa okuqhubekayo ngomsindo omkhulu, njengasemsebenzini noma emculweni
• Ukukhula okungavamile kwethambo endlebeni ephakathi, okuthiwa i-otosclerosis
• I-eardrum eqhekekile noma ebunjiwe

Ayikho ingozi.

Olunye uvivinyo lungasetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi izindlebe zangaphakathi nezindlela zobuchopho zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Okunye kwalokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-otoacoustic emission testing (OAE) okuthola imisindo ekhishwe yindlebe yangaphakathi lapho iphendula umsindo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukwenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa. I-MRI yekhanda ingenziwa ukusiza ukuxilonga ukulahleka kokuzwa ngenxa ye-acoustic neuroma.

I-audiometry; Ukuhlolwa kokuzwa; I-audiography (audiogram)

• I-anatomy yendlebe

I-Amundsen GA. I-audiometry. Ku: Fowler GC, ed. Izinqubo zikaPfenninger noFowler zokuNakekela okuyisisekelo. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 59.

UKileny PR, uZwolan TA, uSlager HK. I-diagnostic audiology kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-electrophysiologic kokuzwa. Ku: IFlint PW, uFrancis HW, uHaughey BH, et al, eds. I-Cummings Otolaryngology: Ukuhlinzwa Kwekhanda Nentamo. Umhla wesi-7. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: isahluko 134.

Lew HL, Tanaka C, Hirohata E, Goodrich GL. Ukukhubazeka kokuhlolwa, kwe-vestibular, nokubukwa. Ku: Cifu DX, ed. I-Braddom's Physical Medicine & Ukuvuselelwa. Umhlaka 5. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: isahluko 50.