Amaphuzu we-Apgar

I-Apgar isivivinyo esisheshayo esenziwa enganeni emizuzwini engu-1 no-5 emva kokuzalwa. Isilinganiso seminithi eli-1 sinquma ukuthi ingane ibekezelele kahle kangakanani inqubo yokubeletha. Amaphuzu emizuzu emi-5 atshela umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ukuthi ingane isebenza kahle kanjani ngaphandle kwesibeletho sikanina.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuhlolwa kuzokwenziwa emaminithini ayi-10 ngemuva kokuzalwa.

UVirginia Apgar, MD (1909-1974) wethule amaphuzu e-Apgar ngo-1952.

Ukuhlolwa kuka-Apgar kwenziwa ngudokotela, umbelethisi, noma umhlengikazi. Umhlinzeki uhlola okwengane:

• Umzamo wokuphefumula
• Isilinganiso senhliziyo
• Ithoni yemisipha
• Izimo
• Umbala wesikhumba

Isigaba ngasinye sitholwa ngo-0, 1, noma 2, kuya ngesimo esibonwayo.

Umzamo wokuphefumula:

• Uma usana lungaphefumuli, amaphuzu okuphefumula ayi-0.
• Uma ukuphefumula kuhamba kancane noma kungajwayelekile, usana luthola u-1 ngomzamo wokuphefumula.
• Uma usana likhala kahle, amaphuzu okuphefumula angama-2.

Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuhlolwe yi-stethoscope. Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubaluleke kakhulu:

• Uma kungekho ukushaya kwenhliziyo, usana luzuza isilinganiso esingu-0 sokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Uma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo lingaphansi kokushaya okungu-100 ngomzuzu, usana luthola 1 ngokushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Uma izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo likhulu kunamabhithi angu-100 ngomzuzu, usana luthola 2 ngokushaya kwenhliziyo.

Ithoni yemisipha:

• Uma imisipha ivulekile futhi i-floppy, usana luthola u-0 ngethoni yemisipha.
• Uma kunethoni ethile yemisipha, usana luthola 1.
• Uma kunokunyakaza okusebenzayo, usana luthole u-2 ngethoni yemisipha.

Impendulo ye-Grimace noma ukucasuka kwe-reflex kuyigama elichaza impendulo ekuvuseleleni, njengepiniki emnene:

• Uma kungekho ukusabela, usana luthola u-0 ngokucasuka okungaqondakali.
• Uma kukhona ukukhathazeka, usana luthola i-1 ngokucasuka okungaqondakali.
• Uma kukhona ukukhala nokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, noma ukukhala ngamandla, usana luthola ama-2 ngokucasuka okungaqondakali.

Umbala wesikhumba:

• Uma umbala wesikhumba uphuzi okwesibhakabhaka, usana luthola u-0 ngombala.
• Uma umzimba ubomvana futhi imikhawulo iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, usana luthola 1 ngombala.
• Uma wonke umzimba ubomvana, usana luthole 2 ngombala.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa ukuthola ukuthi ngabe umntwana osanda kuzalwa udinga usizo lokuphefumula noma unenkinga yenhliziyo.

Amaphuzu we-Apgar asuselwa kumaphuzu aphelele we-1 kuye ku-10. Ukuphakama kwamaphuzu, kulapho umntwana enza kangcono ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Ukuthola u-7, 8, noma u-9 kuyinto ejwayelekile futhi kuwuphawu lokuthi usana olusanda kuzalwa luphile saka. Amaphuzu ayi-10 ayijwayelekile kakhulu, ngoba cishe zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zilahlekelwa yiphuzu eli-1 lezandla nezinyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuyinto ejwayelekile ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Noma yimaphi amaphuzu angaphansi kuka-7 awuphawu lokuthi ingane idinga ukwelashwa. Ukwehla kwesikolo, usizo olungaphezulu lapho ingane idinga khona ukuzivumelanisa ngaphandle kwesibeletho sikanina.

Isikhathi esiningi amaphuzu aphansi e-Apgar abangelwa:

• Ukuzalwa okunzima
• Isigaba se-C
• Uketshezi olusendleleni yomoya yengane

Ingane enamaphuzu aphansi e-Apgar ingadinga:

• I-oksijeni nokususa umgudu womoya ukusiza ngokuphefumula
• Ukukhuthaza ngokomzimba ukwenza inhliziyo ishaye ngesilinganiso esinempilo

Isikhathi esiningi, amaphuzu aphansi ngeminithi elingu-1 asondele-ejwayelekile ngemizuzu emi-5.

Isilinganiso esiphansi se-Apgar asisho ukuthi ingane izoba nezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo noma zesikhathi eside. Isilinganiso se-Apgar asakhelwanga ukubikezela impilo yengane yesikhathi esizayo.

Usanda kuzuza amagoli; Ukulethwa - Apgar

• Ukunakekelwa kwezingane kulandela ukulethwa
• Ukuhlolwa okusanda kuzalwa

I-Arulkumaran S. Ukuqashwa kwe-Fetal kwezabasebenzi. Ku: Arulkumaran SS, Robson MS, ama-eds. Ama-Operative Obstetrics kaMunro Kerr. Umhlaka 13. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 9.

IGoyal NK. Usana olusanda kuzalwa. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 113.