Ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-CBC

Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kokubalwa kwegazi (CBC) kukala okulandelayo:

• Inani lamaseli abomvu egazi (RBC count)
• Inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi (isibalo se-WBC)
• Inani eliphelele le-hemoglobin egazini
• Ingxenyana yegazi elenziwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi (hematocrit)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC futhi kunikeza imininingwane mayelana nezilinganiso ezilandelayo:

• Isilinganiso sesayizi ebomvu yamangqamuzana egazi (MCV)
• Inani le-hemoglobin ngeseli elibomvu legazi (MCH)
• Inani le-hemoglobin elihlobene nosayizi weseli (ukuhlushwa kwe-hemoglobin) ngeseli elibomvu legazi (MCHC)

Ukubalwa kweplatelet nakho kuvame ukufakwa ku-CBC.

Kudingeka isampula yegazi.

Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo.

Lapho inaliti ifakwa ukuze kudonswe igazi, ungezwa ubuhlungu obulinganiselayo. Abanye abantu bazizwa beshaywa noma betinyelwa kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho kungahle kube khona ukushaya noma ukulimaza okuncane. Lokhu maduzane kuyaphela.

I-CBC ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okwenziwa njalo. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuthola noma ukuqapha izimo eziningi ezahlukene zezempilo. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwempilo anga-oda lokhu kuhlolwa:

• Njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okujwayelekile
• Uma unezimpawu, njengokukhathala, ukwehla kwesisindo, umkhuhlane noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka, ubuthakathaka, ukulimaza, ukopha, noma yiziphi izimpawu zomdlavuza
• Lapho uthola ukwelashwa (imithi noma imisebe) engashintsha imiphumela yesibalo segazi lakho
• Ukuqapha inkinga yezempilo yesikhathi eside (engapheli) engashintsha imiphumela yakho yokubalwa kwegazi, njengesifo esingapheliyo sezinso

Ukubalwa kwegazi kungahluka ngokuphakama. Ngokuvamile, imiphumela ejwayelekile yile:

Ukubalwa kwe-RBC:

• Owesilisa: amaseli ayisigidi esingu-4.7 kuya kwayi-6.1 / mcL
• Owesifazane: amaseli ayisigidi esingu-4.2 kuya kwezi-5.4 / mcL

Ukubalwa kwe-WBC:

• Amaseli angu-4 500 kuya ku-10,000 / mcL

I-Hematocrit:

• Abesilisa: 40.7% kuya ku-50.3%
• Abesifazane: 36.1% kuya ku-44.3%

IHemoglobin:

• Owesilisa: 13.8 kuye ku-17.2 gm / dL
• Owesifazane: 12.1 kuye ku-15.1 gm / dL

Ama-indices egazi elibomvu:

• I-MCV: ama-femtoliter angama-80 kuya kwangama-95
• I-MCH: 27 kuye ku-31 pg / iseli
• I-MCHC: 32 kuya ku-36 gm / dL

Ukubalwa kweplatelet:

• 150,000 kuya ku-450,000 / dL

Izibonelo ezingenhla yizilinganiso ezijwayelekile zemiphumela yalezi zivivinyo. Ububanzi bamanani ajwayelekile bungahluka kancane phakathi kwamalabhorethri ahlukene. Amanye amalebhu asebenzisa izilinganiso ezahlukahlukene noma avivinye amasampula ahlukile. Khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nencazelo yemiphumela yakho ethile yokuhlolwa.

I-RBC ephezulu, i-hemoglobin, noma i-hematocrit kungenzeka ngenxa ye:

• Ukuntuleka kwamanzi namanzi anele, okufana nohudo olunzima, ukujuluka okweqile, noma amaphilisi amanzi asetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Isifo sezinso ngokukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwe-erythropoietin
• Izinga le-oxygen ephansi egazini isikhathi eside, imvamisa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo noma samaphaphu
• I-Polycythemia vera
• Ukubhema

I-RBC ephansi, i-hemoglobin, noma i-hematocrit iyisibonakaliso se-anemia, esingavela ku:

• Ukwehla kwegazi (okungazelelwe, noma okuvela ezinkingeni ezinjengezikhathi ezinzima zokuya esikhathini isikhathi eside)
• Ukwehluleka komnkantsha wethambo (ngokwesibonelo, kusuka emisebeni, ukutheleleka, noma isimila)
• Ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi (hemolysis)
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza nomdlavuza
• Izimo ezithile zezempilo zesikhathi eside (ezingapheli), ezifana nesifo esingapheliyo sezinso, i-ulcerative colitis, noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Umdlavuza wegazi
• Izifo zesikhathi eside ezifana ne-hepatitis
• Ukudla okunomsoco nokudla okunomsoco, okubangela i-iron encane kakhulu, i-folate, i-vitamin B12, noma i-vitamin B6
• I-myeloma eminingi

Isibalo samangqamuzana amhlophe egazi esingaphansi kwesivamile sibizwa ngokuthi i-leukopenia. Isibalo se-WBC esinciphile singabangelwa:

• Ukuphuza ngokweqile nokulimala kwesibindi
• Izifo ezizimele (njenge-systemic lupus erythematosus)
• Ukwehluleka komnkantsha wethambo (ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokutheleleka, isimila, imisebe, noma i-fibrosis)
• Imithi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza
• Isifo sesibindi noma ubende
• Ubende obukhulisiwe
• Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, njenge-mono noma i-AIDS
• Imithi

Isibalo esiphezulu se-WBC sibizwa ngokuthi yi-leukocytosis. Kungaba umphumela kusuka:

• Imithi ethile, enjenge-corticosteroids
• Izifo
• Izifo ezifana ne-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, noma i-allergies
• Umdlavuza wegazi
• Ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo noma ngokomzimba
• Ukulimala kwezicubu (njengokusha noma isifo senhliziyo)

Ukubalwa okuphezulu kweplatelet kungabangelwa:

• Ukopha
• Izifo ezifana nomdlavuza
• Ukushoda kwe-Iron
• Izinkinga ngomnkantsha wamathambo

Ukubalwa kweplatelet okuphansi kungabangelwa:

• Ukuphazamiseka lapho ama-platelet abhujiswa khona
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ubende obukhulisiwe
• Ukwehluleka komnkantsha wethambo (ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokutheleleka, isimila, imisebe, noma i-fibrosis)
• Imithi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza

Kunengozi encane kakhulu ethintekayo ekuthatheni igazi lakho. Imithambo nemithambo iyehluka ngobukhulu ukusuka komunye umuntu iye komunye, futhi kusukela kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba kuye kolunye. Ukuthatha igazi kwabanye abantu kungaba nzima kakhulu ukwedlula kwabanye.

Ezinye izingozi ezihambisana nokudonswa igazi zincane, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukopha ngokweqile
• Ukuquleka noma uzizwe unekhanda elincane
• I-hematoma (ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphansi kwesikhumba)
• Ukutheleleka (ingozi encane noma kunini lapho isikhumba siphukile)

Ama-RBCs athutha i-hemoglobin, nayo ethwala umoya-mpilo. Inani lomoya-mpilo elitholwa izicubu zomzimba lincike enanini nasemsebenzini wama-RBC kanye ne-hemoglobin.

Ama-WBCs ngabalamuli bokuvuvukala kanye nempendulo yomzimba. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-WBCs ajwayelekile avela egazini:

• Ama-neutrophils (ama-leukocyte ama-polymorphonuclear)
• Amaseli ebhendi (ama-neutrophils angavuthiwe)
• Ama-lymphocyte ohlobo lwe-T (amaseli we-T)
• Ama-lymphocyte wohlobo lwe-B (amaseli B)
• Ama-monocyte
• Ama-Eosinophils
• Ama-Basophils

Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi; Ukushoda kwegazi - CBC

• Amaseli abomvu egazi, iseli lesikela
• I-Megaloblastic anemia - ukubuka kwamaseli abomvu egazi
• Amaseli abomvu egazi, umumo wezinyembezi
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - ejwayelekile
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - i-elliptocytosis
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - i-spherocytosis
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - amaseli amaningi amasikela
• I-Basophil (ukusondela)
• Umalaleveva, ukubuka okuncane kakhulu kwama-parasites amaselula
• Umalaleveva, i-photomicrograph yama-parasites amaselula
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - amangqamuzana amasikela
• Amaseli abomvu egazi - isikela nePappenheimer
• Amaseli abomvu egazi, ama-target cell
• Izakhi ezakhiwe zegazi
• Qedela ukubalwa kwegazi - uchungechunge

Bunn HF. Sondela kuma-anemias. Ku: IGoldman L, iSchafer AI, ama-eds. Imithi yeGoldman-Cecil. Umhla ka-25. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: isahluko 158.

ICosta K. Hematology. Ku: Isibhedlela iJohns Hopkins; UHughes HK, Kahl LK, ama-eds. Isibhedlela iJohns Hopkins: IHarriet Lane Handbook. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: isahluko 14.

I-Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwegazi nomnkantsha. Ku: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, abahleli. UHenry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Umhlaka 22. ISt Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: isahluko 30.