Indandatho ye-Vascular

Indandatho ye-Vascular ukwakheka okungavamile kwe-aorta, umthambo omkhulu othwala igazi lisuke enhliziyweni liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Kuyinkinga ezalwa nayo, okusho ukuthi ikhona lapho izalwa.

Indandatho ye-Vascular ayivamile. Ibalelwa ngaphansi kuka-1% wazo zonke izinkinga zenhliziyo ezelwe. Isimo senzeka kaningi kwabesilisa njengabesifazane. Ezinye izingane ezinezindandatho zemithambo nazo zinenye inkinga yenhliziyo ezelwe.

Indandatho ye-Vascular ivela ekuseni kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengane esibelethweni. Imvamisa, i-aorta ivela kwesinye sezicucu (zamakhothamo) agobile. Umzimba udiliza amanye ama-arches asele, kanti amanye akha imithambo. Eminye imithambo yegazi okufanele idilike ayenzi, eyakha indandatho yemithambo.

Ngendandatho yemithambo, eminye imengamo nemikhumbi obekufanele ishintshe ibe yimithambo noma inyamalale isekhona lapho ingane izalwa. Lawa ma-arches akha indandatho yemithambo yegazi, ezungeza futhi icindezele phansi ku-windpipe (trachea) nase-esophagus.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zendandatho yemithambo ekhona. Kwezinye izinhlobo, iringi yemithambo yegazi izungeza kuphela uqhoqhoqho nomphimbo, kepha isengadala izimpawu.

Ezinye izingane ezinezindandatho zemithambo azikaze zibe nezimpawu. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu ziyabonakala ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Ingcindezi ku-windpipe (trachea) kanye nomphimbo ingaholela ezinkingeni zokuphefumula nezokugaya ukudla. Lapho iringi icindezela kakhulu, ziba zimbi kakhulu izimpawu.

Izinkinga zokuphefumula zingafaka:

• Ukukhwehlela okuphezulu
• Ukuphefumula okukhulu (i-stridor)
• I-pneumonia ephindaphindiwe noma izifo zokuphefumula
• Ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula
• Ukuqhuma

Ukudla kungenza izimpawu zokuphefumula zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Izimpawu zokugaya azivamile, kepha zingafaka:

• Ukuchofoza
• Kunzima ukudla ukudla okuqinile
• Kunzima ukugwinya (i-dysphagia)
• I-reflux ye-Gastroesophageal (GERD)
• Ukuncelisa ibele noma ibhodlela kancane
• Ukuhlanza

Umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo uzolalela ukuphefumula kwengane ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izinkinga zokuphefumula njenge-asthma. Ukulalela inhliziyo yengane nge-stethoscope kungasiza ekuboneni ukububula nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo.

Ukuhlolwa okulandelayo kungasiza ekutholeni iringi yemithambo yegazi:

• I-x-ray yesifuba
• Iskena se-computed tomography (CT) senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu
• Ikhamera phansi komphimbo ukuhlola izindlela zomoya (i-bronchoscopy)
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi emikhulu
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound (i-echocardiogram) yenhliziyo
• I-X-ray yemithambo yegazi (i-angiography)
• I-X-ray ye-esophagus esebenzisa udayi okhethekile ukugqamisa kangcono indawo (i-esophagram noma i-barium swallow)

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukwenziwa ngokushesha okukhulu ezinganeni ezinezimpawu. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa ukwahlukanisa indandatho yemithambo yegazi futhi unciphise ingcindezi ezinhlakeni ezizungezile. Inqubo ivame ukwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncane ohlangothini lwesobunxele sesifuba phakathi kwezimbambo.

Ukushintsha ukudla kwengane kungasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu zokugaya ukudla kwendandatho yemithambo. Umhlinzeki uzonikeza imishanguzo (njengama-antibiotic) yokwelapha noma yikuphi ukutheleleka okuphathelene nokuphefumula, uma kwenzeka.

Izingane ezingenazo izimpawu zingase zingadingi ukwelashwa kodwa kufanele zibhekwe ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isimo asibi sibi kakhulu.

Ukuthi usana lwenza kahle kangakanani kuncike ekutheni ingcindezi yemisipha ifaka ingcindezi engakanani emphinjeni nasethreyini nokuthi usana lutholakala futhi luphathwe ngokushesha kangakanani.

Ukuhlinzwa kusebenza kahle ezimweni eziningi futhi kaningi kuqeda izimpawu ngokushesha. Izinkinga ezinzima zokuphefumula zingathatha izinyanga ukuthi ziphele. Ezinye izingane zingaqhubeka nokuphefumula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma zisebenza kakhulu noma zinezifo zokuphefumula.

Ukubambezeleka kokuhlinzwa ezimweni ezibucayi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu, njengokulimala koqhoqhoqho nokufa.

Shayela umhlinzeki wakho uma ingane yakho inezimpawu zendandatho yemithambo. Ukutholakala nokwelashwa ngokushesha kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvikela lesi simo.

I-aortic arch yangakwesokudla ene-aberrant subclavian ne-ligamentum arteriosus engakwesokunxele; Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa - indandatho yemithambo; Inhliziyo enesici sokuzalwa - indandatho yemithambo

• Indandatho ye-Vascular

UBryant R, Yoo SJ. Izindandatho ze-Vascular, indwayimane yomgudu wamaphaphu, nezimo ezihlobene. Ku: Wernovsky G, Anderson RH, Kumar K, et al, ama-eds. I-Anderson's Pediatric Cardiology. Umhla wesi-4. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 47.

IKliegman RM, iSt. Geme JW, iBlum NJ, i-Shah SS, iTasker RC, iWilson KM. Okunye ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo nokuzalwa kwemithambo yegazi. Ku: Kliegman RM, St Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Incwadi kaNelson Yezingane. Umhlaka 21. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: isahluko 459.

I-Webb GD, iSmallhorn JF, uTherrien J, uRedington AN. Isifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esigulini esidala nesingane. Ku: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, ama-eds. Isifo Senhliziyo SikaBraunwald: Incwadi Yemithi Yezinhliziyo Nemithambo. Umhla ka-11. IPhiladelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: isahluko 75.